“I Feel Stronger When My Family Stands Together”: Family Cohesiveness and Self-Confidence among High School Students

Agitha Wigati Yulistyo Maradika; Ayong Lianawati

Penulis

Agitha Wigati Yulistyo Maradika Guidance and Counseling Program, Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya
Ayong Lianawati Guidance and Counseling Program, Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya

Kata Kunci:

Family cohesiveness, Self-confidence , High school students , Adolescents, Family support

Abstrak

Student self-confidence is a psychological aspect influenced by various factors, one of which is family cohesiveness. This study aims to examine the relationship between family cohesiveness and self-confidence of 10th grade students of SMA Al-Islam Krian. The study used a quantitative approach with a correlational design, involving 132 students selected through a simple random sampling technique. The instruments used were a family cohesiveness scale based on David H. Olson's theory and a self-confidence scale based on Peter Lauster's theory, with data analysis using the Pearson Product Moment correlation test. The results showed a correlation coefficient value of r = 0.378 with p > 0.05, which indicates a positive but not statistically significant relationship, with a low level of correlation. This finding indicates that family cohesiveness has a limited relationship with student self-confidence, so there are other factors that play a role in its formation

Referensi

Abidah, S. N., Salim, L. A., Hartini, N., & Rahayu, E. P. (2025). The role of self-esteem, self-control, parental support, and peer influence in sexual assertiveness among female adolescents. African Journal of Reproductive Health , 29(9), 98–104. https://doi.org/10.29063/ajrh2025/v29i9.10.

Aktu, Y. (2024). Self-Esteem, Family Support and Online Grooming Risk Among Adolescents: The Role of Problematic Internet Usage. Child Abuse Review, 33(6). https://doi.org/10.1002/car.70007.

Amadori, A., Bullough, C., Eisenberg, M., Russell, S. T., & Brighi, A. (2025). “We Grew Up Thinking Like That”: A Qualitative Study on Adolescents’ Perceptions of Online Homophobia. Journal of Homosexuality. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2025.2543845.

An, D., & Lee, J. (2023). Effects of Training Using Self-Modeling with Visual Cues on Skill Performance, Imagery, and Sports Confidence of Adolescent Female Soccer Players. Korean Journal of Sport Science, 34(3), 433–443. https://doi.org/10.24985/kjss.2023.34.3.433.

Bakir, V., Arslan, C., & Dilmac, B. (2023). The Relationship Between Perceived Social Support and Stress Coping Skills of Z-Generation University Students and Basic Psychological Needs. Milli Egitim, 52(239), 2053–2076. https://doi.org/10.37669/milliegitim.1110796.

Batte, C., Nuwasiima, S., Semulimi, A. W., Apio, P. O., Mutebi, R. K., Mwesigwa, M. M., Twinamasiko, N., Siddharthan, T., Mukisa, J., Mukunya, D., Abaatyo, J., & Nalugya, J. S. (2024). Coping strategies of school-going adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic in the climate vulnerable Manafwa watershed, Uganda. BMC Psychology, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-01760-3.

Bilgin, O., & Koç, M. (2026). The Effect of Solution-Focused Brief Group Counseling on Adolescents’ Self-Confidence Levels. Behavioral Sciences, 16(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/bs16030378.

Clark, D. A., Durbin, C. E., Heitzeg, M. M., Iacono, W. G., McGue, M., & Hicks, B. M. (2021). Adolescent Sexual Development and Peer Groups: Reciprocal Associations and Shared Genetic and Environmental Influences. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 50(1), 141–160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-020-01697-9.

Cowan, P. A., Cowan, C. P., Pruett, M. K., & Pruett, K. (2025). Navigating the Gap Between Correlational and Intervention Studies of Fatherhood and Children’s Development: A Family Systems Ecological Perspective. Parenting, 25(4), 367–397. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2024.2411503.

Farmakopoulou, I., Lekka, M., & Gkintoni, E. (2024). Clinical Symptomatology of Anxiety and Family Function in Adolescents—The Self-Esteem Mediator. Children, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/children1103033.

Ferriz, R., Jiménez-Loaisa, A., González-Cutre, D., Romero-Elías, M., & Beltrán-Carrillo, V. J. (2022). A Self-Determined Exploration of Adolescents’ and Parents’ Experiences Derived From a Multidimensional School-Based Physical Activity Intervention. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 41(1), 68–77. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2020-0130.

Hanh, N. T. H., Huynh, L. T., & Hung, N. P. (2023). School-based extracurricular activities improve reproductive health knowledge for high school students: a study in Tra Vinh Province, Vietnam. Ethiopian Journal of Reproductive Health, 15(3), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.69614/ejrh.v15i3.638.

Kaya, S. P., Özkan, B., & Çakmak, B. (2025). The relationship between the hidden curriculum and fourth-year nursing students’ career plans, professional values, and professional readiness: A cross-sectional correlational study. Nurse Education in Practice, 82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2024.104235.

Kim, M., Jung, J., & Yun, J. (2024). Prevalence of School-Based Extracurricular Sport and Physical Activity Participation among Children with Disabilities. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 71(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/1034912X.2022.2060947.

Kráčmarová, L. K., Dutková, K., & Tavel, P. (2019). Everybody needs to believe in something: Spiritual beliefs of non-religious Czech adolescents. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 11(1), 65–73. https://doi.org/10.1037/rel0000217.

Kwon, K., & López-Pérez, B. (2022). Cheering my friends up: The unique role of Interpersonal emotion regulation strategies in social competence. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 39(4), 1154–1174. https://doi.org/10.1177/02654075211054202.

Kwon, M., Livingston, J. A., Wang, W., & Hequembourg, A. L. (2025). Longitudinal association between adolescent sexual identity and sleep quality: The mediating roles of peer victimization and perceived social support. Sleep Health, 11(1), 25–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2024.09.012.

LaMontagne, L. G., Diehl, D. C., Doty, J. L., & Smith, S. (2023). The Mediation of Family Context and Youth Depressive Symptoms by Adolescent Emotion Regulation. Youth and Society, 55(3), 552–580. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X211067266.

Le Bas, G. A., Youssef, G. J., Macdonald, J. A., Mattick, R., Teague, S. J., Honan, I., McIntosh, J. E., Khor, S., Rossen, L., Elliott, E. J., Allsop, S., Burns, L., Olsson, C. A., & Hutchinson, D. M. (2021). Maternal bonding, negative affect, and infant social-emotional development: A prospective cohort study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 281, 926–934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.031.

Li, C.-L., & Wu, P.-C. (2026). Insecure Attachment and Psychological Distress in Early Adolescence: Loneliness as a Mediator. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 40(1), 7–23. https://doi.org/10.1891/JCP-2025-0001.

Li, M., Huang, Y., & Sun, M. (2025). Exploring the structural links between peer support, psychological resilience, and exercise adherence in adolescents: a multigroup model across gender and educational stages. BMC Public Health, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23308-9.

Liu, J., Subo, R. B., & Alizadeh, F. (2024). Exploring the Impact of Drama Aesthetic Education on Cultural Self-Confidence Among Adolescents: A Longitudinal Study. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 2024(112), 196–218. https://doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2024.109.021.

McGuire, L., Palmer, S. B., & Rutland, A. (2022). Children’s and adolescents’ evaluations of peers who challenge their group: The role of gender norms and identity. Social Development, 31(2), 423–437. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12546.

Meeus, A., Eggermont, S., & Beullens, K. (2020). Digital Distraction or Stimulated Self-Disclosure: Preadolescents’ Mobile Device Use in the Family Context. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 25(5), 328–345. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcmc/zmaa010.

Orozco-Vargas, A. E., Barcenas, G., & Laird-Barcenas, A. (2024). Family Functioning and Psychological Well-Being for Mexican Adolescents: The Mediating Effect of Mindfulness and Reappraisal. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 55(1), 60–83. https://doi.org/10.3138/jcfs.55.1.04.

Pan, Y., Chan, M. M., Liu, G., Li, S., & Deng, X. (2024). The Longitudinal Association Between Self-Esteem and Social Relationships Among Chinese Adolescents: Roles of Developmental Stages and Gender. Journal of Happiness Studies, 25(7). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-024-00802-2.

Rahal, D., & Fosco, G. M. (2025). Positive well-being and dampened emotional reactivity to daily family conflict and family cohesion. Child Development, 96(2), 797–811. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.14206.

Rajabi, M., Khanjani, S., Asl, E. M., Ferizi, J. N., & Kulehmarzi, M. J. B. (2023). The Risk Factors of Suicidal Motivations during COVID-19 Pandemic: Confirmation of Psychological Pain Theory, Psychological smytpmyS, and Early Life Experiences. Evidence Based Care Journal, 13(3), 59–69. https://doi.org/10.22038/EBCJ.2023.72256.2869.

Shao, Y., Kang, S., Lu, Q., Zhang, C., & Li, R. (2024). How peer relationships affect academic achievement among junior high school students: The chain mediating roles of learning motivation and learning engagement. BMC Psychology, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-01780-z.

Song, L., He, W., Zou, L., & Xu, M. (2025). Do female family directors affect corporate social responsibility in Chinese family firms? Asia Pacific Business Review, 31(2), 280–300. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602381.2024.2336032.

Tan, W.-Y., Chen, J.-N., Lu, S.-H., Liu, C.-Q., Zhou, Y., Luo, Q., Song, L.-Q., Miao, C.-Y., & Smith, G. D. (2024). Latent profiles of academic resilience in undergraduate nursing students and their association with resilience and self-efficacy. Nurse Education in Practice, 77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2024.103949.

Tomini, E., Qirjako, G., Çumashi, R., Hala, R., & Burazeri, G. (2026). Family support and peer support as strong independent correlates of mental health indices among Albanian adolescents aged 11–15 years. European Journal of Public Health, 36(2). https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckag021.

Wang, Q. (2025). High parental self-efficacy and young adults’ reduced emotion dysregulation: A moderated mediating analysis from China. Australasian Psychiatry, 33(3), 433–439. https://doi.org/10.1177/10398562241306687.

Wikle, J. S., & Hoagland, A. (2020). Adolescent interactions with family and emotions during interactions: Variation by family structure. Journal of Family Psychology, 34(5), 544–554. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000625.

Willis, C. H., Merriman, C., Nair, A., & Fournet, A. C. (2025). Innovative Extracurricular Student Engagement: The Community Problem Solving Challenge. Entrepreneurship Education and Pedagogy, 8(1), 40–59. https://doi.org/10.1177/25151274241232355.

Yang, D., Hu, S., & Li, M. (2022). The Influence of Family Socioeconomic Status on Adolescents’ Mental Health in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(13). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137824.

Yi, T., Dai, S., Tao, J., Chen, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, Y., & Dong, C. (2025). Profiles of academic resilience and associated factors among undergraduate nursing students: A latent profile analysis. Journal of Professional Nursing, 61, 116–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2025.09.014.

Zhang, X., & Qian, W. (2024). The effect of social support on academic performance among adolescents: The chain mediating roles of self-efficacy and learning engagement. PLOS ONE, 19(12). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0311597.

Zhibin, B., Li, Q., Yulin, C., & Chunxiaoyu, W. (2025). Dual effects of family ritual communication on Chinese adolescents’ well-being: supportive and constraining mechanisms. Frontiers in Psychology, 16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1523315.

Zhong, L., Chen, J., Chen, X., Lin, S., Chan, L.-K., Cao, L., Huang, W., Du, Y., & Su, Y. (2023). Parent-adolescent relationship and friendship quality: Psychological capital as mediator and neighborhood safety and satisfaction as moderator. Current Psychology, 42(23), 19628–19640. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02643-1.

Zou, Y., Liu, S., Guo, S., Zhao, Q., & Cai, Y. (2023). Peer Support and Exercise Adherence in Adolescents: The Chain-Mediated Effects of Self-Efficacy and Self-Regulation. Children, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/children10020401.