The Relationship Between Social Support and Student Engagement for School Counseling Programs in Elementary Schools

Nurkholis; Toto Santi Aji; Amanda Maharani; Khusnul Khotimah

Authors

Nurkholis Universitas Muhammadiyah Cirebon
Toto Santi Aji Universitas Muhammadiyah Cirebon
Amanda Maharani Institut Prima Bangsa
Khusnul Khotimah Universitas Muhammadiyah Cirebon

Keywords:

Elementary school, Counseling programs, Social support, Student engagement

Abstract

Student engagement is a central element of the learning experience in elementary education, reflecting students’ behavioral, cognitive, and emotional participation in classroom activities. Rather than developing in isolation, engagement emerges through the interaction between students’ individual characteristics and the social support available within their surrounding environment. This investigation addresses the relationship between social support and student engagement among elementary school students, as well as its relevance for the planning of needs-oriented guidance and counseling services. A quantitative survey approach was employed involving 100 students from grades IV to VI. Data were gathered through questionnaires and examined using a SEM-PLS approach with the support of SmartPLS 4. The analysis indicates that differences in students’ engagement levels are closely linked to the degree of social support they receive. These findings suggest that guidance and counseling services should adopt a collaborative approach involving families and the school environment to effectively strengthen student engagement.

References

Aisyah, S., Sapitri, W., Afiyah, W., Jelita, S., Lestari, F. D., Fitri, K. N., ... & Mustikaati, W. (2025). Pengaruh Lingkungan Keluarga Terhadap Perkembangan Karakter Anak Usia Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Kolaboratif Sains, 8(8), 5466-5472.

Ansong, D., Okumu, M., Bowen, GL, Walker, AM, & Eisensmith, SR (2017). Peran dukungan orang tua, teman sekelas, dan guru dalam keterlibatan siswa: Bukti dari Ghana. Jurnal Internasional Pengembangan Pendidikan, 54(April), 51-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2017.03.010

Carey, J. C., & Dimmitt, C. (2021). School counseling and student outcomes: Summary of six statewide studies. Professional School Counseling, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2156759X20987349

Chen, JJL (2005). Hubungan Dukungan Akademik dari Orang Tua, Guru, dan Teman Sebaya dengan Prestasi Akademik Remaja Hong Kong: Peran Mediasi Keterlibatan Akademik. Monograf Psikologi Genetika, Sosial, dan Umum , 131 (2), 77-127. https://doi.org/10.3200/MONO.131.2.77-127

Epstein, J. L. (2011). School, family, and community partnerships: Preparing educators and improving schools. Westview Press.

Fathi, L., Bakhtiarpour, S., & Mahdad, A. (2024). *Hubungan antar orang tuaHubungan antara dukungan akademis orang tua dan kesejahteraan akademis siswa: Peran mediasi ketahanan akademis. Penelitian Pendidikan dan Ilmu Kedokteran. https://doi.org/10.5812/ermsj-149401

Fredricks, J. A., Blumenfeld, P. C., & Paris, A. H. (2004). School engagement: Potential of the concept, state of the evidence. Review of Educational Research, 74(1), 59-109. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543074001059

Gul, Y. E. (2023). a theoretical perspective on survey method from quantitative research methods. Universum: Психология и Образование, 106(4), 64-68. https://doi.org/10.32743/UniPsy.2023.106.4.15254

Gysbers, N. C., & Henderson, P. (2012). Developing and managing your school guidance and counseling program (5th ed.). American Counseling Association.

Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2021). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using R. Springer Nature Switzerland AG. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7

Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). In Sage (2nd ed). SAGE Publications. http://study.sagepub.com/hairprimer2e

Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(2), 139-152. https://doi.org/10.2753/MTP1069-6679190202

Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of pls-sem. European Business Review, 31(1), 2-24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203

Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115-135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8

Hill, N. E., & Tyson, D. F. (2009). Parental involvement in middle school: A meta-analytic assessment. Developmental Psychology, 45(3), 740-763. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015362

Hill, N. E., & Tyson, D. F. (2009). Parental involvement in school and student outcomes. Developmental Psychology, 45(3), 740-763. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015362

Hoover-Dempsey, K. V., Whitaker, M. C., & Ice, C. L. (2020). Motivational processes for parental involvement in children’s schooling. Educational Psychologist, 55(2), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2020.1735187

Jeynes, W. H. (2020). A meta-analysis on the effects of parental involvement on students’ academic outcomes. Urban Education, 55(1), 3-34. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042085915574525

Kadafi, A., & Ramli. M. (2017). Integrated Qs Al Mudatsir in the reality group counseling to grow the character of students academic responsibility. Counsellia: Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling, 57(2), 117-125. http://doi.org/10.25273/counsellia.v7i2.1867.

Lei, H., Cui, Y., & Zhou, W. (2022). Relationships between student engagement and academic achievement: A meta-analysis. Social Behavior and Personality, 50(2). https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.11255

Li, Y., & Wang, M. (2024). Dukungan orang tua dan keterlibatan emosional di kalangan anak usia sekolah. Jurnal(4),

Martin, I., & Carey, J. C. (2021). Development of a logic model to guide comprehensive school counseling programs. Professional School Counseling, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2156759X20978477

Melisa, P. V., & Putra, E. D. (2021). Dukungan keluarga dengan prestasi belajar siswa kelas IV sekolah dasar. Mimbar Ilmu, 26(2), 339-345.

Prayitno, & Amti, E. (2013). Dasar-dasar bimbingan dan konseling. Rineka Cipta.

Prayitno. (2017). Pelayanan bimbingan dan konseling di sekolah dasar. Universitas Negeri Padang Press.

Sink, C. A., Dollarhide, C. T., & Foster, L. H. (2020). School counseling and student outcomes: A meta-analytic review. Professional School Counseling, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2156759X20947777

Slameto. (2015). Belajar dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Rineka Cipta.

Sugiyono. (2019). Metode penelitian pendidikan: Pendekatan kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D. Alfabeta.

Suhertina. (2014). Pengantar bimbingan dan konseling. Alfabeta.

Wang, M. T., Degol, J. L., & Henry, D. A. (2021). An integrative development-in-sociocultural-context model for children’s engagement in learning. American Psychologist, 76(7), 1086-1102. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000805

Xu, B., Stephens, J. M., & Lee, K. (2024). Assessing student engagement in collaborative learning: development and validation of new measure in China. Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 33(2), 395-405. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-023-00737-x

Yang, D., Chen, P., Wang, K., Li, Z., Zhang, C., & Huang, R. (2023). Keterlibatan Orang Tua dan Keterlibatan Siswa: Tinjauan Literatur. Keberlanjutan , 15 (7), 5859. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15075859

Yusuf, S., & Nurihsan, A. J. (2019). Landasan bimbingan dan konseling. Remaja Rosdakarya.

Zhang, Y., Chen, L., & Huang, X. (2025). Dukungan keluarga dan keterlibatan siswa dalam pendidikan dasar: Peran keterlibatan emosional dan akademik. Frontiers in Psychology, 1, 1606642. https://doi.org/10.33

Zurriyati, E., & Mudjiran, M. (2021). Kontribusi perhatian orang tua dan motivasi belajar terhadap keterlibatan siswa dalam belajar (student engagement ) di sekolah dasar. Jurnal Bas(3), 1555-1563. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v5i3.889