IDENTITAS œLAJANG (SINGLE IDENTITY) DAN STIGMA:  STUDI FENOMENOLOGI PEREMPUAN LAJANG DI SURABAYA

Ema Septiana; Muhammad Syafiq

doi:10.26740/jptt.v4n1.p71-86

Authors

Ema Septiana Program Studi Psikologi Universitas Negeri Surabaya
Muhammad Syafiq Program Studi Psikologi Universitas Negeri Surabaya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26740/jptt.v4n1.p71-86

Keywords:

Perempuan lajang, ancaman identitas, stigma

Abstract

This study was aimed to explore middle class single adult women's experience concerning their identity as a single in Surabaya. The number of single adult women in Surabaya has been increased since 2010 until recently. Phenomenological method was used in this study. Data collected using indepth semi-structured interviews and analysed using IPA (Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis). This study reveals three themes, namely the experience of being stigmatized, psychological impacts of the stigma, and strategies employed to cope with stigma and psychological discomforts. Most participants reported that they are called as œperawan tua (spinster), œtidak laku (leftover) by social surroundings. They are also blamed as having negative traits such as introvert because of their single status. The experience of being stigmatized has impacted on their psychological discomforts such as insecure feelings and loneliness. To cope with stigma and psychological discomforts, most participants employed some strategies, namely reevaluating single identity in positive ways, avoiding situations wich invite stigma, and accepting God's destiny and plan.

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengalaman perempuan lajang kelas menengah di Surabaya. Meningkatnya jumlah perempuan lajang di Surabaya dari tahun 2010 hingga tahun 2012 dan masih dijumpainya stigma negatif kepada perempuan lajang menjadi dasar dilakukannya penelitian ini. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif fenomenologis dengan pengambilan data menggunakan wawancara semiterstruktur. Data yang telah diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Penelitian ini berhasil mengidentifikasi tiga tema utama, yaitu pengalaman terkait stigma terhadap identitas lajang; kondisi psikologis akibat stigma terhadap lajang, dan cara menghadapi tekanan dan stigma. Para partisipan melaporkan bahwa mereka dianggap dan diperbincangkan sebagai perawan tua, perempuan tidak laku, dan memiliki sifat tertutup yang tidak mendukung terjalinnya hubungan intim. Pengalaman stigma tersebut telah mempengaruhi kondisi psikologis sebagai perempuan lajang, yaitu perasaan tertekan dan kesepian. Dalam menghadapi tekanan akibat stigma dan upaya untuk mengatasi tekanan psikologis tersebut, para partisipan penelitian ini menempuh strategi untuk mempertahankan rasa identitas yang positif sebagai lajang, antara lain: memaknai kembali status lajang lebih positif, menghindari situasi yang menimbulkan stigma, dan menyerahkan diri pada takdir.

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