ESTIMASI DURASI, ARAH DAN PANJANG RUPTURE SERTA LOKASI-LOKASI GEMPA SUSULAN MENGGUNAKAN PERHITUNGAN CEPAT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26740/jpfa.v1n2.p8-18Keywords:
Perhitungan cepat, durasi rupture, arah dan panjang rupture, peringatan dini tsunamiAbstract
Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengestimasi durasi rupture gempabumi yang terjadi dilautan Hindia (Aceh, Mentawai dan Jawa) yang selama ini dikenal rawan terjadi tsunami yang diakibatkan gempabumi. Kedua, untuk mengestimasi arah rupture dan lokasi-lokasi terjadinya gempa susulan. Estimasi durasi rupture gempabumi dikerjakan dengan menggunakan prosedur langsung, yaitu (1) memfilter seismogram kecepatan komponen vertikal yang direkam oleh jaringan IRIS-DMC dengan menggunakan filter Butterworth pada frekuensi tinggi (1 5 Hz), (2) melakukan picking waktu kedatangan gelombang P secara otomatis, (3) menentukan root mean square (RMS) dari amplitudo, (4) mengukur keterlambatan waktu kedatangan gelombang P pada 90% (T0,9), pada 80% (T0,8), pada 50% (T0,5) dan pada 20% amplitude (T0,2), dan (5) menghitung dan menampilkan hasil perhitungan durasi rupture secara cepat. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dalam riset ini dapat diketahui banwa durasi rupture gempabumi dapat diestimasi secara cepat (± 0,5 menit setelah gempa bumi terjadi) dan akurat. Selain itu, didapatkan informasi bahwa durasi rupture gempabumi memberikan informasi ekstra, yaitu jika durasi rupture gempabumi lebih besar atau sama dengan 50 detik, gempabumi tersebut berpotensi menimbulkan gempa bumi. Bahkan untuk gempabumi dengan tipe faulting-nya strike-slip bisa berpotensi menimbulkan tsunami jika durasi rupture-nya lebih besar dari 50 detik. Durasi rupture juga memberi informasi tentang arah dan panjang rupture, sehingga lokasi-lokasi yang berpeluang terjadi gempa bumi susulan dapat diestimasi.
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