The Influence of Leadership Style and Work Culture on Employee Performance: Evidence from an Islamic Boarding School
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Abstract
Objective: This study aims to examine the influence of leadership style and work culture on employee performance at Sabilun Najah Islamic Boarding School, Sampang, Indonesia, with particular attention to the organizational characteristics of the pesantren context. Method: This study employed a quantitative cross-sectional survey design involving 35 employees selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured closed-ended questionnaire consisting of measurement items for leadership style, work culture, and employee performance, with responses measured on a five-point Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). The instrument was assessed for validity and reliability before the data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Classical assumption tests and hypothesis testing using the t-test, F-test, and coefficient of determination were also conducted. Results: The findings show that leadership style has a positive and significant influence on employee performance (t = 3.013, p = 0.004), while work culture also has a positive and significant influence on employee performance (t = 2.468, p = 0.019). Simultaneously, leadership style and work culture significantly influence employee performance (F = 4.150, p = 0.025). The regression model explains 20.6% of the variance in employee performance, while the remaining 79.4% is associated with other factors outside the model. Novelty: This study contributes empirical evidence on the relationship between leadership style, work culture, and employee performance within an Islamic boarding school setting, where organizational practices combine formal management processes with religious, spiritual, and communal values. The findings provide context-specific evidence on how these organizational factors relate to employee performance in the pesantren environment.
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