A Psychospiritual Model of Emotion Regulation in Pesantren Counseling

Muhimmatul Hasanah; Anas Alhifni; Lutfiyah Khur’in

doi:10.26740/jptt.v17n01.p37-44

Authors

Muhimmatul Hasanah Department of Islamic Guidance and Counseling, Sunan Drajat University
Anas Alhifni Department of Islamic Economy, University of Djuanda
Lutfiyah Khur’in Department of Islamic Guidance and Counseling, Sunan Drajat University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26740/jptt.v17n01.p37-44

Keywords:

Cognitive behavioral therapy, emotion regulation, islamic counseling, islamic emotion regulation model, pesantren

Abstract

Background: Adolescents in Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) encounter emotional challenges such as adaptation stress, academic pressure, peer conflict, and withdrawal within structured religious environments. In this context, counselors function as spiritual mentors and facilitators of emotional regulation. Objective: This study examines how psychospiritual mechanisms are constructed in pesantren counseling practices and formulates a Psychospiritual Emotion Regulation Model (PERM). Method: A qualitative case study was conducted at Pondok Pesantren Sunan Drajat involving five counselors and ten santri who had experienced emotional difficulties. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis, and were analyzed using thematic and analytic model construction procedures. Results: Findings indicate that emotional triggers activated two interconnected regulatory processes: cognitive reappraisal facilitated through structured counseling techniques and spiritually mediated meaning reconstruction grounded in practices such as taubah, sabr, and muhasabah. These processes operated reciprocally within the institutional ecology, contributing to behavioral adjustment, enhanced emotional awareness, and internalized spiritual meaning. Conclusion: The proposed PERM conceptualizes emotion regulation as a dual psychospiritual process embedded in a moral-educational context. Derived from a single-case qualitative inquiry, the model offers a contextually grounded specification of emotion regulation theory for faith-based counseling settings.

Abstrak

Latar Belakang: Remaja di lingkungan pesantren menghadapi berbagai tantangan emosional, seperti stres adaptasi, tekanan akademik, konflik teman sebaya, dan kecenderungan penarikan diri dalam sistem pendidikan religius yang terstruktur. Dalam konteks ini, konselor berperan sebagai pembimbing spiritual sekaligus fasilitator regulasi emosi. Tujuan: Penelitian ini menganalisis konstruksi mekanisme psikospiritual dalam praktik konseling pesantren dan merumuskan Psychospiritual Emotion Regulation Model (PERM). Metode: Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus di Pondok Pesantren Sunan Drajat, melibatkan lima konselor dan sepuluh santri yang mengalami kesulitan emosional. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif, dan analisis dokumen, kemudian dianalisis secara tematik melalui konstruksi model analitik. Hasil: Temuan menunjukkan bahwa pemicu emosional mengaktifkan dua proses regulasi yang saling berinteraksi, yaitu restrukturisasi kognitif melalui teknik konseling terstruktur dan rekonstruksi makna berbasis spiritual melalui praktik taubah, sabr, dan muhasabah. Interaksi keduanya berlangsung dalam ekologi institusional pesantren dan berkontribusi pada penyesuaian perilaku, peningkatan kesadaran emosi, serta internalisasi makna spiritual. Kesimpulan: PERM memosisikan regulasi emosi sebagai proses psikospiritual ganda yang terintegrasi dalam konteks moral-edukatif. Model ini bersifat kontekstual dan menawarkan spesifikasi teoritis regulasi emosi dalam layanan konseling berbasis religiusitas.

References

Amri, K. (2020). Emotional regulation among adolescents in Islamic boarding schools. Journal of Islamic Education and Psychology, 5(2), 145-158. https://doi.org/10.32505/jiep.v5i2.2020

Compas, B. E., Jaser, S. S., Bettis, A. H., & Watson, K. H. (2021). Coping, emotion regulation, and psychopathology in childhood and adolescence: A meta-analysis and narrative review. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 17, 413-437. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-093226

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2023). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (6th ed.). Sage Publications.

Eisenberg, N., Spinrad, T. L., & Eggum, N. D. (2020). Emotion-related self-regulation and its relation to children’s maladjustment. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 16, 495-525. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-071119-115305

Fitriyah, S., & Nursalim, M. (2022). The effect of dhikr therapy on stress reduction among boarding students. Journal of Islamic Counseling Studies, 6(1), 45-60. https://doi.org/10.21043/jics.v6i1.14573

Ford, B. Q., & Gross, J. J. (2024). Emotion regulation: Past, present, and future. Emotion Review, 16(1), 3-18. https://doi.org/10.1177/17540739231201456

Gross, J. J. (2015). Emotion regulation: Conceptual and empirical foundations. New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Hanapi, M. (2020). Islamic counseling in pesantren education frameworks. Indonesian Journal of Islamic Psychology, 8(1), 34-49. https://doi.org/10.21043/ijip.v8i1.6784

Hasanah, M., & Haris, A. (2023). Spirituality and subjective well-being in tahfidz students in Islamic boarding school. Munaddhomah: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 4(2), 220-227.

https://doi.org/10.31538/munaddhomah.v4i2.380

Hasanah, U. (2021). Konseling Islami dalam pembinaan karakter santri. Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam, 9(2), 101-116. https://doi.org/10.29080/jbki.v9i2.2143

Ibandiyah, I., & Hasanah, M. (2021). Efektivitas layanan konseling sebaya (peer counseling) untuk meningkatkan penyesuaian diri santri. Conseils: Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam, 1(2), 89-100.

https://doi.org/10.55352/bki.v1i2.103

Koenig, H. G. (2021). Religion and mental health: Research and clinical applications. Academic Press.

https://doi.org/10.1016/C2019-0-00523-7

Koenig, H. G., Al Zaben, F., & Khalifa, N. (2023). Religion, spirituality, and mental health in adolescents. Journal of Religion and Health, 62(4), 2380-2396. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-023-01662-1

Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.

Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldana, J. (2018). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Nuraeni, S. (2023). Integrasi CBT dan dzikir dalam peningkatan kecerdasan emosi santri. Jurnal Psikologi Islam dan Pendidikan, 8(3), 200-215. https://doi.org/10.14421/jpip.2023.0803

Pargament, K. I. (2020). The psychology of religion and coping: Theory, research, and practice. New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Park, C. L. (2019). Religious and spiritual aspects of meaning in the context of work life. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 377. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00377

Park, C. L., & Blake, E. (2024). Spiritual meaning-making and emotional regulation across cultures. Journal of Religion and Health, 63(1), 45–62. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-023-01789-1

Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (4th ed.). Sage Publications.

Rahman, F. (2022). Pendekatan konseling budaya dalam lingkungan pesantren. Jurnal Konseling dan Psikoterapi Islam, 12(2), 120-133. https://doi.org/10.21043/jkpi.v12i2.9231

Rosmarin, D. H., & Pirutinsky, S. (2020). Spirituality, religion, and cognitive-behavioral therapy: A clinician’s guide. Guilford Press.

Santrock, J. W. (2019). Adolescence: Developmental transitions (17th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.

Suhertina. 2025. Islamic-Based Counseling Approaches for Student Mental Well-Being: A Systematic Literature Review. MADANIA: Jurnal-Jurnal Keislaman. 15(2). 94-103. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/jiik.v15i2.37785

Troy, A. S., Shallcross, A. J., & Mauss, I. B. (2023). Emotion regulation and resilience: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 149(3-4), 123-156. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000387

Vishkin, A., Bigman, Y., & Tamir, M. (2022). Religion, emotion regulation, and well-being. Current Opinion in Psychology, 45, 101305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101305

Vishkin, A., Bigman, Y., & Tamir, M. (2024). Religion as an emotion regulation system. Current Opinion in Psychology, 53, 101686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101686

Yin, R. K. (2018). Case study research and applications: Design and methods (6th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Yusuf, S., & Nurkholis, M. (2021). Religious coping and emotional maturity among Muslim adolescents. Journal of Islamic Psychology, 9(1), 67-81. https://doi.org/10.21043/jip.v9i1.9389

Zunaih, A. I., Hasanah, M., & Kustina, F. (2025). Penguatan spiritualitas santriwati melalui seminar psikologi Qur’ani: Refleksi makna hidup dan kebahagiaan di Pondok Pesantren Sunan Drajat. Keris: Journal of Community Engagement, 5(2), 126-135. https://doi.org/10.55352/keris.v5i2.2008