Occupational stress management in managerial employees: an analysis of level and source of work stress
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26740/bisma.v13n1.p47-68Keywords:
cause, effect, stress, stress managementAbstract
The sources and effects of stress have been conceptualized from several theoretical and empirical perspectives. This study explores the sources and impacts of job stress in managerial levels in two different countries, namely developing and developed countries. Furthermore, how to deal with and manage job stress for managers are also described. This study reviews the level and source of work stress that researched in academic journals, books, proceedings, reports, and website. After reviewing the literature extensively, it is concluded that managers in each of the two groups of countries experience workplace stress with different work stress sources. Meanwhile, the impact of job stress at the managerial level in the two groups of countries is almost identical. Job stress affects job satisfaction, mental and physical health, high intention to quit the job, and high absenteeism rates. The strategy to ensure employee health and well-being is to provide a stress-free work environment by creating supportive organizational systems, stress auditing, counselling, education and training, and work balance initiatives. It is hoped that the results of this study can be made a role model in managing stress in the work environment, especially at the managerial level, based on the source and impact of work stress so that it can be used as a basis for designing strategies and policies to deal with stress in the workplace. Finally, this study provides guidelines for further research on this topic.
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Jetha, A., Kernan, L., & Kurowski, A. (2017). Conceptualizing the dynamics of workplace stress: a systems-based study of nursing aides. BMC Health Services Research, 17(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-016-1955-8.
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Edwards, J. R., & Cooper, C. L. (1990). The personenvironment fit approach to stress: recurring problems and some suggested solutions. Journal of organizational behavior, 11(4), 293-307. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030110405.
Ganster, D. C. & Rosen, C. C. (2013). Work stress and employee health: A multidisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 39(5), 10851122. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206313475815.
Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G. J., & Minkov, M. (2005). Culture and Organizations¯: Software of The Mind. In International Studies of Management & Organization. New York, Mc Graw Hill.
Holohan, J. (2018). An Exploration of How the Alignment of Business and Information Systems Strategies is Practiced by Information Systems Managers in Irelands Institutes of Technology. Trinity College Dublin Theses & Dissertations, Dublin, Ireland. Retrieved August 30, 2019, from http://hdl.handle.net/2262/85037.
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Islam, A., Jantan, A. H., Bashir, A., Masud, S., & Roy. B. (2017). Work Stress among Managers of Business Organizations in Bangladesh. The International Journal Of Business & Management, 5(10), 16-23.
Ivancevich, J. M. & Matteson, M. T. (1980). Optimizing Human Resources: A Case for Preventive Health and Stress Management. Organizational Dynamics, 9, 5-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-2616(80)90037-6.
Jacobs, S., Hassell, K., & Johnson, S. (2013). Managing workplace stress to enhance safer practice in community pharmacy: a scoping study. Retrieved August 12, 2020, from https://pharmacyresearchuk.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Managing-workplace-stress-to-enhance-safer-practice-in-community-pharmac-a-scoping-study-executive-summary.pdf.
Jacobs, S., Johnson, S., & Hassel, K. (2017). Managing workplace stress in community pharmacy organisations: Lessons from a review of the wider stress management and prevention literature. International Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 26(1), 28-38. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpp.12360.
Jalagat, R. (2017). Determinants of Job Stress and Its Relationship on Employee Job Performance. American Journal of Management Science and Engineering, 2(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmse.20170201.11.
Jayashree, R. (2010).Stress Management With Special Reference To public Sector Bank Employees In Chennai. International Journal of Enterprise and Innovation Management Studies (IJEIMS), 1(3), 34-39.
Jetha, A., Kernan, L., & Kurowski, A. (2017). Conceptualizing the dynamics of workplace stress: a systems-based study of nursing aides. BMC Health Services Research, 17(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-016-1955-8.
Johnson, S., OConnor, E.M., Jacobs, S., Hassel, K., & Ashcroft, D. M. (2014). The relationships among work stress, strain and self-reported errors in UK community pharmacy. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 10(6), 885-895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2013.12.003.
Kuschel, K. (2015). Quantitative and qualitative work overload and its double effect on the work-family interface. School of Business and Economics, Universidad del Desarrollo. 27.
Leung, M. Y., Chan, I., & Yu, J. (2012). Preventing construction worker injury incidents through the management of personal stress and organizational stressors. Accident; analysis and prevention, 48, 156-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2011.03.017.
Lin, W., Ma, J., Wang, L., & Wang, M. (2015). A doubleedged sword: The moderating role of conscientiousness in the relationships between work stressors, psychological strain, and job performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36(1), 94111. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1949.
Lu, L., Kao, S. F., Siu, O. L., & Lu, C. Q. (2011). Work Stress, Chinese Work Values, and Work Well-Being in the Greater China. The Journal of Social Psychology, 151(6), 767-783. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2010.538760.
Makela, L., Lamsa, A. M., Heikkinen, S., & Tanskanen, J. (2017). Work-to-personal-life conflict among dual and single-career expatriates: Is it different for men and women?. Journal of Global Mobility The Home of Expatriate Management Research, 5(3), 304-316. https://doi.org/10.1108/jgm-12-2016-0065.
Malik, N. (2011). A study on occupational stress experienced by private and public banks employees in Quetta City. African journal of business management, 5(8), 3063-3070.
Manshor, A. T., Fontaine, R., & Chong, S. C. (2003). Occupational stress among managers: A Malaysian survey. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 18(6), 622-628. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940310494412.
McVicar, A., Mun-Giddings, C., & Seebohm, P. (2013). Workplace stress interventions using participatory action research designs. International Journal of Workplace Health Management, 6(1), 18-37. https://doi.org/10.1108/17538351311312303.
Michie, S. (2002). Causes And Management Ofstress At Work. Occupational & Environmental Medicine, 59(1), 67-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.59.1.67.
Mohr, G. & Wolfram, H. J. (2010). Stress Among Managers: The Importance of Dynamic Tasks, Predictability, and Social Support in Unpredictable Times. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 15(2), 167-179. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018892.
Mosadeghrad, A. M. (2013). Occupational Stress and Turnover Intention: Implications for Nursing Management. International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 1(2), 169-176. https://doi.org/10.15171/ijhpm.2013.30.
Murphy, F. & Doherty, L. (2011). The experience of work life balance for Irish senior managers. An International Journal, 30(4), 252-277. https://doi.org/10.1108/GM-12-2013-0140.
Nijp, H. H., Beckers, D. G. J., Voorde, K., Geurts, S. A. E., & Kompier, M. A. J. (2016). Effects of New Ways of Working on Work Hours and Work Location, Health and Job-related Outcomes. Chronobiology International, 33(6), 604-618. https://doi.org/10.3109/07420528.2016.1167731.
Oliver, J. E., Mansell, A., & Jose, P. E. (2010). A Longitudinal Study of the Role of Negative Affectivity on the Work Stressor-Strain Process. International Journal of Stress Management, 17(1), 56-77. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017696.
Olson, L. & Francis, J. P. (2011). Social support and occupational stress among university employees. Graduate Student Journal of Psychology, 13(1), 30-38.
OReilly, C. A. & Tushman, M. L. (2011). Organizational Ambidexterity in Action: How Managers Explore and Exploit. California Management Review, 53(4), 5-22. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004.
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2020-10-31
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Untarini, N., Sayyida, S., & Singh, S. K. (2020). Occupational stress management in managerial employees: an analysis of level and source of work stress. BISMA (Bisnis Dan Manajemen), 13(1), 47–68. https://doi.org/10.26740/bisma.v13n1.p47-68
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