Author Contributions

CRediT Author Statement

CRediT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy) was introduced to recognise individual author contributions, reduce authorship disputes and facilitate collaboration. The idea followed a 2012 collaborative workshop led by Harvard University and the Wellcome Trust, with input from researchers, the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) and publishers, including Elsevier, represented by Cell Press.

CRediT allows Authors to share an accurate and detailed description of their diverse contributions to the published work.

  • The corresponding Author is responsible for ensuring that all authors agree with accurate descriptions.
  • All authors' role(s) should be listed using the above relevant categories.
  • Authors may have contributed in multiple roles.
  • CRediT in no way changes the journal's criteria to qualify for authorship

CRediT statements should be provided during the submission process and will appear above the acknowledgement section of the published paper, as shown further below.

Term

Definition

Conceptualization

Ideas; formulation or evolution of overarching research goals and aims

Methodology

Development or design of methodology; creation of models

Software

Programming, software development; designing computer programs; implementation of the computer code and supporting algorithms; testing of existing code components

Validation

Verification, whether as a part of the activity or separate, of the overall replication/ reproducibility of results/experiments and other research outputs

Formal analysis

Application of statistical, mathematical, computational, or other formal techniques to analyze or synthesize study data

Investigation

Conducting a research and investigation process, specifically performing the experiments, or data/evidence collection

Resources

Provision of study materials, reagents, materials, patients, laboratory samples, animals, instrumentation, computing resources, or other analysis tools

Data Curation

Management activities to annotate (produce metadata), scrub data, and maintain research data (including software code, where it is necessary for interpreting the data itself) for initial use and later reuse

Writing - Original Draft

Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically writing the initial draft (including substantive translation)

Writing - Review & Editing

Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work by those from the original research group, specifically critical review, commentary or revision – including pre-or postpublication stages

Visualization

Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically visualization/ data presentation

Supervision

Oversight and leadership responsibility for the research activity planning and execution, including mentorship external to the core team

Project administration

Management and coordination responsibility for the research activity planning and execution

Funding acquisition

Acquisition of the financial support for the project leading to this publication

* Reproduced from Brand et al. (2015), Learned Publishing 28(2), with permission of the authors.