Uji Antagonis Bacillus subtilis dan Bacillus megaterium terhadap Pertumbuhan Cercospora sp yang Diisolasi dari Nepenthes sp.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26740/lenterabio.v9n3.p204-210Kata Kunci:
Uji antagonis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Cercospora sp.Abstrak
Cercospora sp. merupakan jamur penyebab penyakit pada tanaman salah satunya pada Nepenthes. Pengendalian secara umum yang dilakukan untuk megurangi penyebaran penyakit ini dengan menggunakan fungisida sintetis. Bacillus subtilis dan Bacillus megaterium merupakan bakteri antagonis yang bisa dimanfaatkan sebagai agensia pengendali fitopatogen. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini yakni untuk menganalisis kemampuan antagonis Bacillus subtilis, B. megaterium dan kombinasinya dalam menghambat pertumbuhan jamur Cercospora sp. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi FMIPA Unesa pada bulan Februari April 2020. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan eksperimental dengan 5 perlakuan meliputi kontrol negatif, B. subtilis, B. megaterium, kombinasi B. subtilis dan B. megaterium serta kontrol positif Mancozeb.Pengujian antagonis terhadap jamur Cercospora sp. dilakukan dengan metode sumuran. Analisis data hasil penghambatan pertumbuhan jamur dilakukan dengan ANOVA satu arah lalu uji Duncan. Jamur Cercospora sp. diisolasi dari tanaman Nepenthes sp. yang menunjukkan gejala bintik merah. Jamur tersebut memiliki ciri morfologi koloni berbentuk melingkar dan bergelombang, berwarna putih, miselia seperti kapas, serta memiliki hifa dan konidia bersekat. Pemberian perlakuan B. subtilis, B. megaterium dan kombinasi menunjukkan kemampuan dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Cercospora sp. dengan nilai persentase hambatan masing-masing sebesar 17.234 ± 8.085%, 17.714 ± 8.180%, dan 14.770 ± 11.245%. Bakteri B. subtilis dan B. megaterium mampu menghambat pertumbuhan jamur Cercospora sp. yang diisolasi dari Nepenthes sp.Referensi
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Al-Saraireh H, Al-Zereini WA, dan Tarawneh KA, 2015. Antimicrobial Activity of Secondary Metabolites from a Soil Bacillus sp. 7B1 Isolated from South Al-Karak, Jordan. Jordan Journal of Biological Science Vol. 8 (2) : 127-132.
Altalhi A, 2009. Genotypic Characterization of Bacillus subtilis strains Colonizing Pomegranate Phyllosphere and Their Antagonistic Activities Against Cercospora beticola. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection Vol. 42 (6) : 524-532.
Al-Thubiani ASA, Maher YA, Fathi A, Abourehab MAS, Alarjah M, Khan MSA dan Al-Ghamdi SB, 2018. Identification and Characterization of a Novel Antimicrobial peptide Compound Producced by Bacillus megaterium strain Isolated from Oral Microflora. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal Vol. 26(2018) : 1089-1097.
Arroyave-Toro JJ, Mosqera S, Villegas-Escobar V, 2017. Biocontrol Activity of Bacillus subtilis EA-CB0015 Cells and Lipopetides Against Postharvest Fungal Pathogens. Biological control Vol. 2017.
Arzanlou M, Mousavi S, Bakhshi M, Khakvar R, dan Bandehagh A, 2016. Inhibitory Effect of Antagonistic Bacteria Inhabiting the Rhizosphere of the Sugarbeet Plants, on Cercospora beticola Sacc., the Causal Agent of Cercospora Leaf Spot Disease on Sugarbeet. Journal of Plat Protection Research Vol. 56 (1) : 6-14.
Barnett HL, dan Hunter BB, 1998. Illustrated Genera of Imperfect Fungi Fourth Edition. Minnesota : The APS.
Bertagnolli BL, Soglio FKD, dan Sinclair JB, 1996. Extracellular enzyme profiles of the fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani isolate 2B-12 and of two antagonists, Bacillus megaterium strain B153-2-2 and Trichoderma harzianum isolate Th008.I. Possible correlations with inhibition of growth and biocontrol. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology Vol. 48(3) : 145-160.
Buch F, Rott M, Rottloff S, Paetz C, Hilke I, Raessler M, dan Mithöfer A, 2013. Secreted pitfalltrap fluid of carnivorous Nepenthes plants is unsuitable for microbial growth. Annals of Botany Vol. 111: 375-383.
Cawoy H, Debois D, Franzil L, Pauw ED, Thonart P, dan Ongena M, 2014. Lipopeptides as Main Ingredients for Inhibiton of Fungal Phytopathogens by Bacillus subtilis/amyloliquefaciens. Microbial Biotechnology, 8 : 281-295.
Chakraborty U, Chakraborty B, dan Basnet M, 2006. Plant growth promotion and induction of resistance in Camellia sinensis by Bacillus megaterium. Journal Basic Microbiol Vol. 46 : 186195.
Chen L, dan Chen W, 2010. Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Small Antifungal Peptide from Bacillus megaterium D4 Isolated from the Dung of Wild Plateau Yak in China. Protein & Peptide Letters Vol. 17(4): 542546.
Collins DP, dan Jacobsen BJ, 2003. Optimizing a Bacillus subtilis Isolate for Biological Control of Sugar Beet Cercospora Leaf Spot. Biological Control Vol. 26(2003) : 153161.
Dunlap CA, Bowman MJ, dan Rooney AP, 2019. Iturinic Lipopetide Diversity in the Bacillus subtilis Species Group Important Antifungals for Plant Disease Biocontrol Applications. Frontiers in Microbiology Vol. 10 (1794) : 1-12
Fanani AK, Abadi AL, Luqman, Aini Q, 2015. Eksplorasi Bakteri Patogen Pada Beberapa Spesies Tanaman Kantong Semar (Nepenthes sp.). Jurnal HPT Vol. 3 (3) : 104-110.
Handoyo F, dan Sitanggang M, 2009. Petunjuk Praktis Perawatan Nepenthes. Jakarta : Agromedia Pustaka.
Hu X, Roberts DP, Xie L, Qin L, Li Y, Liao X, Han P, Yu C, dan Liao X, 2019. Seed Treatment Containing Bacillus subtilis BY-2 in Combination with Other Bacillus Isolates for Control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on Oilseed Rape. Biological control Vol. 133 (2019) : 50-57.
Islam MdR, Jeong YT, Lee YS, dan Song CH. 2012. Isolation and Identification of Antifungal Compounds from Bacillus subtilis C9 Inhibiting the Growth of Plant Pathogenic Fungi. Mycobiology Vol. 40 (1) : 59-65.
Kinasih I, Nugraha RS, Putra ER, Permana AD, dan Rosmiati M, 2017. Toksisitas Beberapa Jenis Fungisida Komersial pada Serangga Penyerbuk Trigona (Tetragonula) laeviceps Smith. Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Vol. 14 (1) : 29-36.
Kusumadewi T, Khotimah S, dan Yanti AH, 2014. Ekstrak Metanol Buah Sonneratia alba J.E.Sm sebagai Penghambat Pertumbuhan Helminthosporium sp. yang Diisolasi dari Daun Jagung. Jurnal Protobiont Vol. 3 (2) : 149-154.
Kong Q, Chi C, Yu J, Shan S, Li Q, Li Q, Guan B, Nierman WC, Bennet JW, 2014. The Inhibitory effect of Bacillus megaterium on Aflatoxin and Cyclopiazonic Acid Biosynthetic Pathway Gene Expression in Aspergillus flavus. Applied Microbial and Cell Physiology Vol. 98 : 5161-5172.
Mannaa M, dan Kim K, 2018. Biocontrol Activity of Volatile-Producing Bacillus megaterium and Pseudomonas protegens Against Aspergillus and Penicillium spp. Predominant in Stored Rice Grains : Study II. Mycobiology Vol. 46 (1) : 52-63.
Morikawa M, 2006. Beneficial Biofilm Formation by Industrial Bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Related Species. Journal Biosci Bioeng Vol. 101(1) : 18.
Nautiyal, Shekhar C, Mehta S, dan Singh HB, 2006. Biological Control and Plant Growth Promotion by Bacillus strains from Milk. Journal Microbiology Biotechnology Vol. 16(2) : 184-192.
Oerke EC, Leucker M, dan Steiner U, 2019. Sensory Assesment of Cercospora beticola Sporulation for Phenotyping the Partial Disease Resistance of Sugar Beet Genotypes. Plant Methods Vol. 133 (2019).
Paramita NR, Sumardiyono C, dan Sudarmadi, 2014. Pengendalian Kimia dan Ketahanan Colletotrichum spp. terhadap Fungisida Simoksanil pada Cabai Merah. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol. 8 (1) : 41-46.
Prasetyo MSH, Masnilah R, dan Wagiyana, 2017. Kajian Intensitas Penyakit Bercak Coklat Sempit Cercospora oryzae) dan Teknik Pengendaliannya pada Padi (Oryza sativa L.) di Kabupaten Jember. Gontor Agrotech Science Jurnal Vol. 3 (2) : 59-83.
Pueyo MT, Jr CB, Carmora-Ribeiro AM, dan di-Mascio, 2009. Lipopetides Produced by a Soil Bacillus megaterium Strain. Microbiology Ecology Vol. 58 : 367-378.
Rachel L, 2017. Cercospora Leaf Spot Disease. Web publication https://homeguides.sfgate.com/cercospora-leaf-spot-disease-12186475.html#targetText=Disease%20Description,type%20that%20produces%20edible%20mushrooms.&targetText=The%20disease%20thrives%20in%20a,properly%20disposed%20of%20or%20composted. Diunduh pada 8 Oktober 2019.
Raajimakers JM, de Brujin I, Nybroe O, dan Ongena M, 2010. Natural Function of Lipopeptides from Bacillus and Pseudomonas : More Than Surfactins and Antibiotic. FEMS Microbiol Rev Vol. 34 : 1037-1062.
Santoyo G, Orozco-Mosqueda MC, dan Govindappa M, 2012. Mechanism of Biocontrol and Plant Growth-Promoting Activity in Soil Bacterial Species of Bacillus and Pseudomonas: A Review. Biocontrol Science and Technology Vol. 22 (8) : 855-872.
Sari R, 2009. Keanekaragaman jenis kantung semar (Nepenthes spp) dan pemanfaatannya bagi masyarakat lokal. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Etnobotani IV, Bogor : 18 Mei 2009. 308-312.
Skaracis GN, Pavli OI, dan Biancardi E, 2010. Cercospora Leaf Spot Disease of Sugar Beet. Sugar Tech Vol. 12 (3-4) : 220-228.
Sumardiyono C, 2008. Ketahanan Jamur terhadap Fungisida di Indonesia. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol. 14 (1) : 1-5.
Sumartini, 2008. Bioekologi dan Pengendalian Penyakit Bercak Daun pada Kacang Tanah. Buletin Palawija Vol. 16 : 18-26.
Syamswisna, 2009. Studi Habitat Kantong Semar (Nepenthes reinwardtiana Miq.) Di Paninjauan, Kabupaten Solok. Jurnal PenelitianVol. 1(1) : 1-2.
Tendulkar SR, Saikumari YK, Patel V, Raghotama S, Munshi TK, Balaram P, dan Chattoo, BB, 2007. Isolation, Purification and Characterization of an Antifungal Molecule Produced by Bacillus licheniformis BC98, and its Effect on Phytopathogen Magnaporthe grisea. Journal of Applied Microbiology Vol. 103 (2007) : 2331-2339.
Thejakumar MB, dan Devappa V, 2016. Efficacy of Different Fungicides Against Alternaria alternata and Cercospora capsici Under In-Vitro Conditions. International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences Vol. 3 (5) : 126-129.
Zhang L, dan Sun C, 2018. Cyclic Lipopeptides Fengycins from Marine Bacterium Bacillus subtilis Kill Plant Pathogenic Fungus Magnaporthe grisea by Inducing Reactive Oxygen Spescies Production and Chromatin Condensation. Applied and Environmental Microbiology.
Al-Saraireh H, Al-Zereini WA, dan Tarawneh KA, 2015. Antimicrobial Activity of Secondary Metabolites from a Soil Bacillus sp. 7B1 Isolated from South Al-Karak, Jordan. Jordan Journal of Biological Science Vol. 8 (2) : 127-132.
Altalhi A, 2009. Genotypic Characterization of Bacillus subtilis strains Colonizing Pomegranate Phyllosphere and Their Antagonistic Activities Against Cercospora beticola. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection Vol. 42 (6) : 524-532.
Al-Thubiani ASA, Maher YA, Fathi A, Abourehab MAS, Alarjah M, Khan MSA dan Al-Ghamdi SB, 2018. Identification and Characterization of a Novel Antimicrobial peptide Compound Producced by Bacillus megaterium strain Isolated from Oral Microflora. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal Vol. 26(2018) : 1089-1097.
Arroyave-Toro JJ, Mosqera S, Villegas-Escobar V, 2017. Biocontrol Activity of Bacillus subtilis EA-CB0015 Cells and Lipopetides Against Postharvest Fungal Pathogens. Biological control Vol. 2017.
Arzanlou M, Mousavi S, Bakhshi M, Khakvar R, dan Bandehagh A, 2016. Inhibitory Effect of Antagonistic Bacteria Inhabiting the Rhizosphere of the Sugarbeet Plants, on Cercospora beticola Sacc., the Causal Agent of Cercospora Leaf Spot Disease on Sugarbeet. Journal of Plat Protection Research Vol. 56 (1) : 6-14.
Barnett HL, dan Hunter BB, 1998. Illustrated Genera of Imperfect Fungi Fourth Edition. Minnesota : The APS.
Bertagnolli BL, Soglio FKD, dan Sinclair JB, 1996. Extracellular enzyme profiles of the fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani isolate 2B-12 and of two antagonists, Bacillus megaterium strain B153-2-2 and Trichoderma harzianum isolate Th008.I. Possible correlations with inhibition of growth and biocontrol. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology Vol. 48(3) : 145-160.
Buch F, Rott M, Rottloff S, Paetz C, Hilke I, Raessler M, dan Mithöfer A, 2013. Secreted pitfalltrap fluid of carnivorous Nepenthes plants is unsuitable for microbial growth. Annals of Botany Vol. 111: 375-383.
Cawoy H, Debois D, Franzil L, Pauw ED, Thonart P, dan Ongena M, 2014. Lipopeptides as Main Ingredients for Inhibiton of Fungal Phytopathogens by Bacillus subtilis/amyloliquefaciens. Microbial Biotechnology, 8 : 281-295.
Chakraborty U, Chakraborty B, dan Basnet M, 2006. Plant growth promotion and induction of resistance in Camellia sinensis by Bacillus megaterium. Journal Basic Microbiol Vol. 46 : 186195.
Chen L, dan Chen W, 2010. Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Small Antifungal Peptide from Bacillus megaterium D4 Isolated from the Dung of Wild Plateau Yak in China. Protein & Peptide Letters Vol. 17(4): 542546.
Collins DP, dan Jacobsen BJ, 2003. Optimizing a Bacillus subtilis Isolate for Biological Control of Sugar Beet Cercospora Leaf Spot. Biological Control Vol. 26(2003) : 153161.
Dunlap CA, Bowman MJ, dan Rooney AP, 2019. Iturinic Lipopetide Diversity in the Bacillus subtilis Species Group Important Antifungals for Plant Disease Biocontrol Applications. Frontiers in Microbiology Vol. 10 (1794) : 1-12
Fanani AK, Abadi AL, Luqman, Aini Q, 2015. Eksplorasi Bakteri Patogen Pada Beberapa Spesies Tanaman Kantong Semar (Nepenthes sp.). Jurnal HPT Vol. 3 (3) : 104-110.
Handoyo F, dan Sitanggang M, 2009. Petunjuk Praktis Perawatan Nepenthes. Jakarta : Agromedia Pustaka.
Hu X, Roberts DP, Xie L, Qin L, Li Y, Liao X, Han P, Yu C, dan Liao X, 2019. Seed Treatment Containing Bacillus subtilis BY-2 in Combination with Other Bacillus Isolates for Control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on Oilseed Rape. Biological control Vol. 133 (2019) : 50-57.
Islam MdR, Jeong YT, Lee YS, dan Song CH. 2012. Isolation and Identification of Antifungal Compounds from Bacillus subtilis C9 Inhibiting the Growth of Plant Pathogenic Fungi. Mycobiology Vol. 40 (1) : 59-65.
Kinasih I, Nugraha RS, Putra ER, Permana AD, dan Rosmiati M, 2017. Toksisitas Beberapa Jenis Fungisida Komersial pada Serangga Penyerbuk Trigona (Tetragonula) laeviceps Smith. Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Vol. 14 (1) : 29-36.
Kusumadewi T, Khotimah S, dan Yanti AH, 2014. Ekstrak Metanol Buah Sonneratia alba J.E.Sm sebagai Penghambat Pertumbuhan Helminthosporium sp. yang Diisolasi dari Daun Jagung. Jurnal Protobiont Vol. 3 (2) : 149-154.
Kong Q, Chi C, Yu J, Shan S, Li Q, Li Q, Guan B, Nierman WC, Bennet JW, 2014. The Inhibitory effect of Bacillus megaterium on Aflatoxin and Cyclopiazonic Acid Biosynthetic Pathway Gene Expression in Aspergillus flavus. Applied Microbial and Cell Physiology Vol. 98 : 5161-5172.
Mannaa M, dan Kim K, 2018. Biocontrol Activity of Volatile-Producing Bacillus megaterium and Pseudomonas protegens Against Aspergillus and Penicillium spp. Predominant in Stored Rice Grains : Study II. Mycobiology Vol. 46 (1) : 52-63.
Morikawa M, 2006. Beneficial Biofilm Formation by Industrial Bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Related Species. Journal Biosci Bioeng Vol. 101(1) : 18.
Nautiyal, Shekhar C, Mehta S, dan Singh HB, 2006. Biological Control and Plant Growth Promotion by Bacillus strains from Milk. Journal Microbiology Biotechnology Vol. 16(2) : 184-192.
Oerke EC, Leucker M, dan Steiner U, 2019. Sensory Assesment of Cercospora beticola Sporulation for Phenotyping the Partial Disease Resistance of Sugar Beet Genotypes. Plant Methods Vol. 133 (2019).
Paramita NR, Sumardiyono C, dan Sudarmadi, 2014. Pengendalian Kimia dan Ketahanan Colletotrichum spp. terhadap Fungisida Simoksanil pada Cabai Merah. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol. 8 (1) : 41-46.
Prasetyo MSH, Masnilah R, dan Wagiyana, 2017. Kajian Intensitas Penyakit Bercak Coklat Sempit Cercospora oryzae) dan Teknik Pengendaliannya pada Padi (Oryza sativa L.) di Kabupaten Jember. Gontor Agrotech Science Jurnal Vol. 3 (2) : 59-83.
Pueyo MT, Jr CB, Carmora-Ribeiro AM, dan di-Mascio, 2009. Lipopetides Produced by a Soil Bacillus megaterium Strain. Microbiology Ecology Vol. 58 : 367-378.
Rachel L, 2017. Cercospora Leaf Spot Disease. Web publication https://homeguides.sfgate.com/cercospora-leaf-spot-disease-12186475.html#targetText=Disease%20Description,type%20that%20produces%20edible%20mushrooms.&targetText=The%20disease%20thrives%20in%20a,properly%20disposed%20of%20or%20composted. Diunduh pada 8 Oktober 2019.
Raajimakers JM, de Brujin I, Nybroe O, dan Ongena M, 2010. Natural Function of Lipopeptides from Bacillus and Pseudomonas : More Than Surfactins and Antibiotic. FEMS Microbiol Rev Vol. 34 : 1037-1062.
Santoyo G, Orozco-Mosqueda MC, dan Govindappa M, 2012. Mechanism of Biocontrol and Plant Growth-Promoting Activity in Soil Bacterial Species of Bacillus and Pseudomonas: A Review. Biocontrol Science and Technology Vol. 22 (8) : 855-872.
Sari R, 2009. Keanekaragaman jenis kantung semar (Nepenthes spp) dan pemanfaatannya bagi masyarakat lokal. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Etnobotani IV, Bogor : 18 Mei 2009. 308-312.
Skaracis GN, Pavli OI, dan Biancardi E, 2010. Cercospora Leaf Spot Disease of Sugar Beet. Sugar Tech Vol. 12 (3-4) : 220-228.
Sumardiyono C, 2008. Ketahanan Jamur terhadap Fungisida di Indonesia. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol. 14 (1) : 1-5.
Sumartini, 2008. Bioekologi dan Pengendalian Penyakit Bercak Daun pada Kacang Tanah. Buletin Palawija Vol. 16 : 18-26.
Syamswisna, 2009. Studi Habitat Kantong Semar (Nepenthes reinwardtiana Miq.) Di Paninjauan, Kabupaten Solok. Jurnal PenelitianVol. 1(1) : 1-2.
Tendulkar SR, Saikumari YK, Patel V, Raghotama S, Munshi TK, Balaram P, dan Chattoo, BB, 2007. Isolation, Purification and Characterization of an Antifungal Molecule Produced by Bacillus licheniformis BC98, and its Effect on Phytopathogen Magnaporthe grisea. Journal of Applied Microbiology Vol. 103 (2007) : 2331-2339.
Thejakumar MB, dan Devappa V, 2016. Efficacy of Different Fungicides Against Alternaria alternata and Cercospora capsici Under In-Vitro Conditions. International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences Vol. 3 (5) : 126-129.
Zhang L, dan Sun C, 2018. Cyclic Lipopeptides Fengycins from Marine Bacterium Bacillus subtilis Kill Plant Pathogenic Fungus Magnaporthe grisea by Inducing Reactive Oxygen Spescies Production and Chromatin Condensation. Applied and Environmental Microbiology.
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2021-07-24
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Rochmawati, Z. N., & Trimulyono, G. (2021). Uji Antagonis Bacillus subtilis dan Bacillus megaterium terhadap Pertumbuhan Cercospora sp yang Diisolasi dari Nepenthes sp. LenteraBio : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi, 9(3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.26740/lenterabio.v9n3.p204-210
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