Efektivitas Keanekaragaman Predator pada Tanaman Refuge dalam Mengurangi Populasi Bactrocera sp. pada Jeruk Mandarin Batu 55
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26740/lenterabio.v15n1.p1-8Kata Kunci:
Agroecosystem, biodiversity, insect predators, natural enemies, refugeAbstrak
Lalat buah (Bactrocera sp.) merupakan hama utama buah jeruk yang dapat menurunkan kualitas dan hasil panen. Penggunaan insektisida kimia dalam jangka panjang dapat merusak lingkungan dan membahayakan kesehatan manusia, sehingga dibutuhkan metode pengendalian yang lebih aman dan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa efektif tanaman berbunga dalam sistem refugia dalam meningkatkan keanekaragaman predator dan mengendalikan populasi Bactrocera sp. Penelitian ini dilakukan di kebun jeruk Batu 55 dengan membandingkan tiga jenis tanaman refugia, yaitu bunga matahari (Helianthus annuus), marigold (Tagetes erecta), dan bunga cosmos liar (Cosmos caudatus), dengan kelompok kontrol tanpa tanaman refugia. Indeks keanekaragaman Shannon–Wiener dan uji ANOVA satu arah menunjukkan bahwa tanaman berbunga dalam sistem refugia memiliki pengaruh signifikan dalam meningkatkan populasi predator dan mengurangi jumlah Bactrocera sp. Bunga matahari menunjukkan hasil terbaik, karena mampu meningkatkan jumlah serangga predator hingga 163% dan mengurangi keberadaan lalat buah sekitar 40,7% dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Spesies predator dominan yang diperoleh di kebun jeruk mandarin adalah Coccinella sp., Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, Harmonia axyridis, dan Creobroter gemmatus. Hasil penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa penerapan refugia yang melibatkan tanaman berbunga, terutama bunga matahari, dapat meningkatkan keanekaragaman predator, menjaga keseimbangan ekosistem jeruk, dan mendukung pengelolaan hama terpadu yang ramah lingkungan dan efektif.
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