Perbandingan Personality Traits, Rasa Bersalah dan Rasa Malu Pengedar Narkoba: Nonresidivis Versus Residivis

Imaduddin Hamzah; Iman Santoso

doi:10.26740/jptt.v11n2.p141-157

Authors

Imaduddin Hamzah Politeknik Ilmu Pemasyarakatan, Depok, Jawa Barat
Iman Santoso Politeknik Ilmu Pemasyarakatan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26740/jptt.v11n2.p141-157

Keywords:

personality traits, rasa bersalah, rasa malu, nonresidivis, residivis

Abstract

Various researches on drug abuse crimes have focused more on drug users or addicts. Meanwhile, investigations into drug dealers and producers have received very little attention. The majority of drug convicts in prisons are drug traffickers, which has resulted in a significant increase in drug trafficking cases in Indonesia. This study aimed to identify differences in personality traits, guilt, and shame of non-recidivists and drug dealers. The research was conducted on one hundred and fifty-five prisoners at the Cibinong Penitentiary, West Java, Indonesia. The measurement uses a scale of the big five personality traits which has been adapted into Indonesian, and the Guilt and Shame Proneness Scale (GASP) was developed by Cohen, Wolf, Panter, and Insko. This study found that there were differences in personality traits in terms of agreeableness and neuroticism between non-recidivists and recidivists. The difference test concluded that guilt and shame did not show any differences between the two groups of prisoners. This conclusion can provide a basis for consideration of developing a program to develop drug trafficking convicts to prevent the re-offense of crimes after being released.

Keywords : Personality traits, guilt, shame, non-recidivists, recidivists

Abstrak. Berbagai penelitian kejahatan penyalahgunaan narkoba selama ini lebih memfokuskan pada pengguna atau pecandu narkoba. Sedangkan penyelidikan terhadap para pengedar dan produsen narkoba masih sangat kurang mendapatkan perhatian. Mayoritas narapidana kejahatan narkoba di lembaga pemasyarakatan adalah para pengedar narkoba yang mengakibatkan peningkatan yang signifikan dalam kasus peredaran obat terlarang di Indonesia. Studi ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi perbedaan dalam sifat kepribadian, rasa bersalah, dan rasa malu nonresidivis dan residivis pengedar narkoba. Penelitian dilakukan pada seratus lima puluh lima narapidana di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Cibinong, Jawa Barat, Indonesia, Pengukuran menggunakan skala the big five personality traits yang telah diadaptasi ke dalam bahasa Indonesia dan Guilt and Shame Proneness Scale (GASP) dikembangkan oleh Cohen, Wolf, Panter dan Insko. Studi ini menemukan ada perbedaan personality traits dalam aspek pada agreeableness dan neuroticism non-residivis dengan residivis. Uji perbedaan menyimpulkan rasa bersalah dan rasa malu tidak menunjukkan perbedaan antara kedua kelompok narapidana. Kesimpulan ini dapat memberikan dasar pertimbangan pembuatan program pembinaan narapidana pengedar narkoba untuk mencegah pengulangan kejahatan setelah bebas.

Author Biography

Imaduddin Hamzah, Politeknik Ilmu Pemasyarakatan, Depok, Jawa Barat

Dosen Program Studi Bimbingan Kemasyarakatan Poltekip. Sinta ID 6720948

References

Addad, M., & Leslau, A. (1989). Extraversion, neuroticism, immoral judgment and criminal behaviour. Med Law, 8(6), 611622.Addad, M., & Leslau, A. (2015). Immoral judgment, extraversion, neuroticism, and criminal behaviour. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 113.Angkasa. (2010). Over capacity narapidana di lembaga pemasyarakatan, faktor penyebab, implikasi negatif, serta solusi dalam upaya optimalisasi pembinaan narapidana. Jurnal Dinamika Hukum, 10(2), 213221.APA. (2014). After committing a crime , guilt and shame predict re-offense. (February). Retrieved from https://medicalxpress.com/news/2014-02-committing-crime-guilt-shame-re-offense.htmlBoduszek, D., Shevlin, M., Adamson, G., & Hyland, P. (2013). Eysenck s personality model and criminal thinking style within a violent and nonviolent offender sample¯: Application of Eysenck s Personality model and criminal thinking style within a violent and nonviolent offender sample¯: Application of propensit. Deviant Behavior, 34, 483493. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2012.748628Bosch, A., van de Ven, M., & van Doesum, K. (2019). Development and validation of the guilt and shame questionnaire for adolescents of parents with a mental illness (GSQ-APMI). Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29(4), 11471158. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01671-7Clower, C. E., & Bothwell, R. K. (2001). An exploratory study of the relationship between the Big Five and inmate recidivism. Journal of Research in Personality, 35, 231237. https://doi.org/10.1006/jrpe.2000.2312Dash, G. F., Slutske, W. S., Martin, N. G., Statham, D. J., Agrawal, A., & Lynskey, M. T. (2019). Big five personality traits and alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, and gambling disorder comorbidity. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 33(4), 420429. https://doi.org/10.1037/adb0000468Duck, W. (2014). Becoming a drug dealer: Local interaction orders and criminal careers. Critical Sociology, 42(78), 10691085. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 0896920514552534Duncan, C., & Cacciatore, J. (2015). A systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature on self-blame, guilt, and shame. Omega Journal of Death and Dying, 131. https://doi.org/10.1177/0030222815572604Eysenck, S. B. G., & Eysenck, H. J. (1977). Personality differences between prisoners and controls. Psychological Reports, 40, 10231028.Fakhrzadegan, S., Gholami-Doon, H., Shamloo, B., & Shokouhi-Moqhaddam, S. (2017). The Relationship between Personality Disorders and the Type of Crime Committed and Substance Used among Prisoners. Addiction & Health, 9(2), 6471.Falkin, G. P., Wexler, H. K., & Douglas S. Lipton. (1992). Drug Treatment in State Prisons. In D. R. Gerstein & H. J. Harwood (Eds.), Treating Drug Problems (Vol. 2). Washington DC: National Academiy Press.Goldberg, L. R. (1993). 'The structure of phenotypic personality traits": Authors reactions to the six comments. American Psychologist, 48(12), 13031304. https://doi.org/ 10.1037/0003-066x.48.12.1303Graziano, W., & Eisenberg, E. (1977). Agreableness¯: A dimension of personality. In Handbook of personality psychology.Grieger, L., Hosser, D., & Alexander F.Schmidt. (2009). The Predictive Validity of Self-Control for Different Forms of Recidivism Lena Grieger.Gul, N., & Jabeen, T. (2015). Big five personality factors contribution in smuggling. Sc.Int (Lahore), 27(4), 38213823. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303837851%0ABIGHÃ¥kansson, A., & Jesionowska, V. (2018). Associations between substance use and type of crime in prisoners with substance use problems - a focus on violence and fatal violence. Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation, 9, 19. https://doi.org/10.2147/sar.s143251Highland, R. A., & Dabney, D. A. (2009). Using Adlerian theory to shed light on drug dealer motivations. Applien Psychology in Criminal Justice, 5(2), 109138.Hjalmarsson, R., Holmlund, H., & Lindquist, M. J. (2015). The Effect of education on criminal convictions and incarceration: Causal evidence from micro-data. Economic Journal, 125(587), 12901326. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/ecoj.12204Hosser, D., Windzio, M., & Greve, W. (2008). Guilt and shame as predictors of recidivism: A longitudinal study with young prisoners. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 35(1), 138152. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854807309224Hudzaifi, A. (2017). Prisonisasi dan pembelajaran kejahatan di Lembaga Pemasyaratakan. Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah.Jones, S. E., Miller, J. D., & Lynam, D. R. (2011). Personality, antisocial behavior, and aggression: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Criminal Justice, 39(4), 329337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2011.03.004Krueger, R. F., Schmutte, P. S., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., Campbell, K., & Silva, P. A. (1994). Personality traits are linked to crime among men and women: Evidence from a birth cohort. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103(2), 328338. https://doi.org/ 10.1037/0021-843X.103.2.328Laiberg, S. (2015). Personality type , prediction and recidivist offending. HÃ¶stterminen.Lo Coco, G., Melchiori, F., Oieni, V., Infurna, M. R., Strauss, B., Schwartze, D., ¦ Gullo, S. (2019). Group treatment for substance use disorder in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 99 (April), 104116. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jsat.2019.01.016MededoviÄ‡, J., KujaÄiÄ‡, D., & KneÅ¾eviÄ‡, G. (2012). Personality-related determinants of criminal recidivism. Psihologija, 45(3), 277294. https://doi.org/10.2298/PSI1203277MPabbathi, L. R., Naik, U. S., Mandadi, G. D., & Bhogaraju, A. (2014). Personality assessment of offenders and mentally ill offenders. AP J Psychol Med, 15(1), 5559.Prendergast, M. L., Podus, D., Chang, E., & Urada, D. (2002). The effectiveness of drug abuse treatment: A meta-analysis of comparison group studies. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 67(1), 5372. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0376-8716 (02)00014-5R.MacCare, R., & Paul T Costa, J. (2006). Personality in Adulthood: A Five-Factor Theory Perspective. In Transactional Analysis Journal (Second Edi, Vol. 36). New York: The Guildford Press.Rocque, M., & Posick, C. (2016). Age and Crime. In W. G. Jennings (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences: Second Edition. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.45043-9Rolison, J. J., Hanoch, Y., & Gummerum, M. (2013). Characteristics of offenders: the HEXACO model of personality as a framework for studying offenders personality. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, 24(1), 7182. https://doi.org/10.1080/14789949.2012.752024Semple, S. J., Strathdee, S. A., Volkmann, T., Zians, J., & Patterson, T. L. (2011). œHigh on my own supply: Correlates of drug dealing among heterosexually identified methamphetamine users. American Journal on Addictions, 20(6), 516524. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1521-0391.2011.00173.xSinha, S. (2016). Personality correlates of criminals: A comparative study between normal controls and criminals. Industrial Psychiatry Journal, 25(1), 4146. https://doi.org/ 10.4103/0972-6748.196058Soto, C. J. (2018). Big Five Personality Traits. In M. H. Bornstein, M. E. Arterberry, K. L. Fingerman, & J. E. Lansford (Eds.), The SAGE encyclopedia of lifespan human development (pp. 240241). https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412956253.n67Sulhin, I., & Hendiarto, Y. T. (2011). Identifikasi faktor determinan residivisme. Jurnal Kriminologi Indonesia, 7(3), 355366.Tangney, June P., Stuewig, J., Mashek, D., & Hastings, M. (2011). Assessing jail inmates proneness to shame and guilt: Feeling bad about the behavior or the self? Criminal Justice and Behavior, 38(7), 710734. https:// doi.org/10.1177/0093854811405762Tangney, June P, Stuewig, J., & Martinez, A. G. (2014). Two faces of shame: Understanding shame and guilt in the prediction of jail inmates recidivism. Psychological Science, 25(3), 799805. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797613508790Tangney, June Price, Stuewig, J., & Mashek, D. J. (2007). Moral emotions and moral behavior. Annual Review of Psychology, 58(1), 345372. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.56.091103.070145Tunnell, K. D. (1993). Inside the drug trade: Trafficking from the dealers perspective. Qualitative Sociology, 16(4), 361381. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/BF00989970Van Dam, C., De Bruyn, E. E. J., & Janssens, J. M. A. M. (2007). Personality, delinquency, and criminal recidivism. Adolescence, 42(168), 763777.van Dam, C., Janssens, J. M. A. M., & De Bruyn, E. E. J. (2005). PEN, Big Five, juvenile delinquency and criminal recidivism. Personality and Individual Differences, 39, 719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2004.06.016Walters, G. D. (2018). Personality and crime: Mediating the agreeablenessoffending and conscientiousnessoffending relationships with proactive and reactive criminal thinking. Personality and Individual Differences, 129, 166170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.03.035Wibowo, M. R. ., Yudiana, W., Reswara, I. P., & Jatmiko, B. W. (2017). Reliability and Validity of the Indonesian Version of Big Five Inventory. UI Proceedings on Social Science and Humanities, 1(May 2017).Zahrani, N. (2018). Uji Validitas Konstruk Pada Instrumen Self-Esteem Inventory Dengan Metode Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Jurnal Pengukuran Psikologi Dan Pendidikan Indonesia (JP3I), 5(1). https://doi.org/10.15408/jp3i.v5i1.9241Zilberman, N., Yadid, G., Efrati, Y., Neumark, Y., & Rassovsky, Y. (2018). Personality profiles of substance and behavioral addictions. Addictive Behaviors, 82(March), 174181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh. 2018.03.007