Pengaruh Strategic Flexibility terhadap Sustainability Performance: Peran Mediasi Eco-Innovation dan Green Supply Chain Integration
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26740/jim.v14n1.p224-238Keywords:
eco-innovation, green supply chain integration, natural resource-based view, strategic flexibility, sustainability performanceAbstract
This study aims to analyze the effect of strategic flexibility on sustainability performance with the mediating roles of eco-innovation and green supply chain integration (GSCI) in manufacturing companies in East Java, Indonesia. The study is grounded in the Natural Resource-Based View (NRBV), which emphasizes the importance of environmentally based internal and external capabilities as sources of sustainable competitive advantage. This research employs a quantitative explanatory approach using purposive sampling of manufacturing firms registered in the PROPER program. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey and analyzed using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that strategic flexibility has a significant effect on sustainability performance. Furthermore, strategic flexibility positively influences eco-innovation and GSCI. Both variables also have a positive and significant impact on sustainability performance. Mediation analysis confirms that eco-innovation and GSCI serve as partial mediators in the relationship between strategic flexibility and sustainability performance. These findings suggest that strategic flexibility not only directly enhances sustainability performance but also strengthens it through the development of environmentally friendly innovation and the integration of green practices throughout the supply chain. Theoretically, this study extends the NRBV by positioning strategic flexibility as a dynamic capability that bridges strategy and sustainability outcomes. Practically, the findings highlight the importance of integrating strategic flexibility with eco-innovation and green supply chain collaboration to enhance long-term competitiveness and sustainability performance in manufacturing firms.
References
Afum, E., Agyabeng-Mensah, Y., Sun, Z., Frimpong, B., Kusi, L. Y., & Acquah, I. S. K. (2020). Exploring the link between green manufacturing, operational competitiveness, firm reputation and sustainable performance dimensions: a mediated approach. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 31(7), 1417–1438. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-02-2020-0036
Agyabeng-Mensah, Y., Tang, L., Afum, E., Baah, C., & Dacosta, E. (2021). Organisational identity and circular economy: Are inter and intra organisational learning, lean management and zero waste practices worth pursuing? Sustainable Production and Consumption, 28, 648–662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2021.06.018
Alzoraiki, M., Milhem, M., Ateeq, A., Almeer, S., & Hussein, T. M. (2024). Strategic Flexibility: An Essential Capability for Innovation and Sustainable Performance in Times of Technological Uncertainty. In Studies in Systems, Decision and Control (Vol. 538, pp. 271–281). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-62102-4_22
Awais, M., Ali, A., Khattak, M. S., Arfeen, M. I., Chaudhary, M. A. I., & Syed, A. (2023). Strategic Flexibility and Organizational Performance: Mediating Role of Innovation. SAGE Open, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231181432
Barney, J., Wright, M., & Ketchen, D. J. (2001). The resource-based view of the firm: Ten years after 1991. Journal of Management, 27(6), 625–641. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920630102700601
Cheng, C. C., & Shiu, E. C. (2012). Validation of a proposed instrument for measuring eco-innovation: An implementation perspective. Technovation, 32(6), 329–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2012.02.001
Davis, G. F., & DeWitt, T. (2021). Organization Theory and the Resource-Based View of the Firm: The Great Divide. Journal of Management, 47(7), 1684–1697. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206320982650
Dilip Maruthi, G., & Rashmi, R. (2015). Green Manufacturing: It’s Tools and Techniques that can be implemented in Manufacturing Sectors. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2(4–5), 3350–3355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2015.07.308
Dina Rosada, M., & Kusmantini, T. (2025). Effect of eco-innovation on GSCM, CE capability, and performance of MSMEs. Journal of Business and Information Systems (e-ISSN: 2685-2543), 7(1), 32–45. https://doi.org/10.31316/jbis.v7i1.272
Dwikat, S. Y., Arshad, D., & Mohd Shariff, M. N. (2023). Effect of Competent Human Capital, Strategic Flexibility and Turbulent Environment on Sustainable Performance of SMEs in Manufacturing Industries in Palestine. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15064781
Dwiputra, G. K., Moko, W., & Susilowati, C. (2025). The influence of strategic flexibility on green business performance mediated by eco innovation and green manufacturing. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478), 14(4), 32–41. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v14i4.4223
Gelhard, C., & von Delft, S. (2016). The role of organizational capabilities in achieving superior sustainability performance. Journal of Business Research, 69(10), 4632–4642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.03.053
Geng, D., Lai, K. hung, & Zhu, Q. (2021). Eco-innovation and its role for performance improvement among Chinese small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises. International Journal of Production Economics, 231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2020.107869
Gorondutse, A. H., Arshad, D., & Alshuaibi, A. S. (2021). Driving sustainability in SMEs’ performance: the effect of strategic flexibility. Journal of Strategy and Management, 14(1), 64–81. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSMA-03-2020-0064
Grant, R. M. (2001). The Resource-Based Theory of Competitive Advantage: Implications for Strategy Formulation.
Hart, S. L. (1995). A natural-resource-based view of the firm. Academy of Management Review, 20(4), 986–1014. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1995.9512280033
Hart, S. L., & Dowell, G. (2011). A natural-resource-based view of the firm: Fifteen years after. In Journal of Management (Vol. 37, Number 5, pp. 1464–1479). https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206310390219
Hsu, L. C., & Wang, C. H. (2012). Clarifying the Effect of Intellectual Capital on Performance: The Mediating Role of Dynamic Capability. British Journal of Management, 23(2), 179–205. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8551.2010.00718.x
Hughes, P., Hodgkinson, I. R., Arshad, D., Hughes, M., & Leone, V. (2018). Planning to improvise? The role of reasoning in the strategy process: Evidence from Malaysia. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 35(2), 449–470. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-017-9524-1
Huo, B., Gu, M., & Wang, Z. (2019). Green or lean? A supply chain approach to sustainable performance. Journal of Cleaner Production, 216, 152–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.141
Indah Smaradhani, I., Vitayala Sjafri Hubeis, A., & Syarief Hidayatulloh, F. (2023). Knowledge Management Infrastructure on Organizational Performance in Indonesian Science Institutions (LIPI): Mediation Effects of Knowledge Management Process. Jurnal Aplikasi Bisnis Dan Manajemen, 9(2), 397. https://doi.org/10.17358/jabm.9.2.397
Islam, M. F., Hossain, Mohammad Imran, Rashed, M., Rahman, M. N., Hossain, Mohammad Imtiaz, & Faisal-E-Alam, M. (2025). Strategizing for Sustainability: Examining the Dynamic Interplay of the Circular Economy, Green Technology Innovation, and Green Performance. Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, 26(4), 935–961. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40171-025-00469-5
Junaid, M., Zhang, Q., & Syed, M. W. (2022). Effects of sustainable supply chain integration on green innovation and firm performance. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 30, 145–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2021.11.031
Khan, M., Ajmal, M. M., Jabeen, F., Talwar, S., & Dhir, A. (2023). Green supply chain management in manufacturing firms: A resource-based viewpoint. Business Strategy and the Environment, 32(4), 1603–1618. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3207
Kurniawan, M. S. D., & Hartini, S. (2025). Interrelationship Between Green Supply Chain Management and Green Innovation in Sustainability: A Systematic Literature Review. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 23(3), 712–720. https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.23.3.712-720
Larbi-Siaw, O., Xuhua, H., Owusu, E., Owusu-Agyeman, A., Fulgence, B. E., & Frimpong, S. A. (2022). Eco-innovation, sustainable business performance and market turbulence moderation in emerging economies. Technology in Society, 68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.101899
Malik, S. Y., Mughal, Y. H., Azam, T., Cao, Y., Wan, Z., Zhu, H., & Thurasamy, R. (2021). Corporate social responsibility, green human resources management, and sustainable performance: is organizational citizenship behavior towards environment the missing link? Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(3), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031044
Raj, R., Kumar, V., & Verma, P. (2023a). Big data analytics in mitigating challenges of sustainable manufacturing supply chain. Operations Management Research, 16(4), 1886–1900. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12063-023-00408-6
Raj, R., Kumar, V., & Verma, P. (2023b). Big data analytics in mitigating challenges of sustainable manufacturing supply chain. Operations Management Research, 16(4), 1886–1900. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12063-023-00408-6
Setyadi, A., Soekotjo, S., Lestari, S. D., Pawirosumarto, S., & Damaris, A. (2025). Trends and Opportunities in Sustainable Manufacturing: A Systematic Review of Key Dimensions from 2019 to 2024. In Sustainability (Switzerland) (Vol. 17, Number 2). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). https://doi.org/10.3390/su17020789
Sezen, B., & Çankaya, S. Y. (2013). Effects of Green Manufacturing and Eco-innovation on Sustainability Performance. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 99, 154–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.481
Sirmon, D. G., Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., & Gilbert, B. A. (2011). Resource orchestration to create competitive advantage: Breadth, depth, and life cycle effects. In Journal of Management (Vol. 37, Number 5, pp. 1390–1412). https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206310385695
Visvizi, A. (2022). Sustainability in International Business: Talent Management, Market Entry Strategies, Competitiveness. In Sustainability (Switzerland) (Vol. 14, Number 16). MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141610191
Wang, Z., & Sarkis, J. (2017). Corporate social responsibility governance, outcomes, and financial performance. Journal of Cleaner Production, 162, 1607–1616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.06.142
Yang, G., & Singhdong, P. (2024). A conceptual framework of green supply chain integration toward enterprise performance through ambidextrous green innovation: an organizational capability perspective. Journal of International Logistics and Trade, 22(2), 93–106. https://doi.org/10.1108/JILT-07-2023-0056
Yang, J., Zhang, F., Jiang, X., & Sun, W. (2015). Strategic flexibility, green management, and firm competitiveness in an emerging economy. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 101, 347–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2015.09.016
Zang, S., Wang, H., & Zhou, J. (2022). Impact of eco-embeddedness and strategic flexibility on innovation performance of non-core firms: The perspective of ecological legitimacy. Journal of Innovation and Knowledge, 7(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2022.100266
Zhang, C., & Laroche, M. (2020). Brand hate: a multidimensional construct. Journal of Product and Brand Management, 30(3), 392–414. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-11-2018-2103
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Abstract views: 0
,
PDF Downloads: 0
