Pengaruh Beban Kerja dan Lingkungan Kerja terhadap Niat Bertahan Karyawan Sektor Kesehatan yang Dimediasi oleh Kepuasan Kerja: Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26740/jim.v12n4.p875–887Kata Kunci:
Beban kerja, Lingkungan kerja, Niat retensi, Kepuasan kerja, Kesehatan tenaga kerjaAbstrak
Kinerja karyawan merupakan faktor krusial dalam keberhasilan organisasi, dipengaruhi oleh berbagai determinan, Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki dan menempatkan publikasi terkait beban kerja dan lingkungan kerja yang mempengaruhi niat bertahan hidup tenaga kesehatan atau karyawan di sektor kesehatan yang dimediasi oleh kepuasan kerja di negara berkembang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode SLR dengan langkah-langkah PRISMA. Artikel yang disaring dari database jurnal Emerald, Science Direct, dan Pubmed dengan topik dan kata kunci beban kerja, lingkungan kerja, niat untuk tinggal, dan kepuasan kerja oleh tenaga kesehatan di negara berkembang diterbitkan antara tahun 2020 dan 2025 dengan total 1.524 artikel. Setelah eliminasi sesuai kriteria, hanya 23 pasal yang dipertimbangkan dan diekstraksi yang dilakukan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah beban kerja mempengaruhi kepuasan kerja. Hal ini terkait dengan pembagian kerja oleh manajemen. Lingkungan kerja berpengaruh pada kepuasan kerja. Manajemen dapat memberikan bantuan psikososial yang akan berpengaruh pada kepuasan pasien. Selain itu, kepuasan kerja mempengaruhi niat bertahan hidup karyawan kesehatan dalam kaitannya dengan komitmen kerja. Demikian pula beban kerja dan lingkungan kerja juga mempengaruhi niat untuk bertahan hidup. Alokasi beban kerja yang berlebihan yang mengakibatkan kelelahan dan lingkungan kerja yang negatif mempengaruhi niat untuk tetap bekerja. Akhirnya, kepuasan kerja memediasi antara beban kerja dan lingkungan kerja dengan niat untuk tinggal. Beban kerja yang dialokasikan sesuai dengan kemampuan karyawan, kepuasan kerja dan lingkungan kerja terkait dengan kompensasi. Penelitian ini dapat dimanfaatkan oleh industri sektor kesehatan, khususnya di rumah sakit sebagai evaluasi terkait niat bertahan hidup bagi tenaga kesehatan yang diharapkan dapat berpengaruh pada kualitas pelayanan rumah sakit.
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