Levels of Heavy Metal Lead (Pb) Aquatic Plants and Water as an Indicator of Water Quality in Brangkal Mojokerto River
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26740/lenterabio.v11n2.p341-350Keywords:
Brangkal river, aquatic plants, leadAbstract
The increase of residential and industrial areas along the drainage basin (DAS) of the Brangkal River has triggered the increase of pollution, one of which was the heavy metal lead (Pb). This study aimed to determine the level of water pollution in the Brangkal River, Mojokerto based on the levels of heavy metals (Pb) in some aquatic plants (Typha angustiolia, Ipomea aquatic, and Eichhornia crassipes) as bioindicator of water pollution. Data were taken at 3 stations with a distance between each station is ± 1000 m. The research was conducted in the dry season. The measured parameters were Pb in plants and river water’s charateristics such as temperature, pH, DO, turbidity, and current velocity. The analysis of Lead (Pb) levels was carried out at the Nutrition Laboratory, Faculty of Public Health, Airlangga University using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) method. DO and turbidity measurement were carried out at the Ecology Laboratory of the department of Biologi, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Unesa. While measuring temperature, pH, turbidity, and current velocity were carried out in situ. The results of measurement of lead (Pb) levels in aquatic plants were compared to the quality standards according to SNI 7387: 2009, while the assessment of Pb metal content and river water quality based on quality standards in PP. Nomer 82 of 2001. The results showed that the average levels of lead (Pb) at stations I, II, and III in T. angustifolia plants were (0.071, 0.085, and 0.074) ppm; I. aquatica (0.018, 0.024, and 0.017) ppm; and E. crassipes (0.073, 0.067, and 0.081) ppm. Heavy metal (Pb) levels in Brangkal River water at the station I 0.002 ppm, station II 0.002 ppm, and station III 0.006 ppm met the quality standards according to PP Nomer 82 / 2001 which was categorized good.
References
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Priatna,, DE, Purnomo, T dan Kuswanti, N, 2016. Kadar Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) pada Air dan Ikan Bader (Barbonymus gonionotus) di Sungai Brantas Wilayah Mojokerto. LenteraBio: Berkala Ilmiah Biologi, 5(1): 48-53.
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Puspita I, Ibrahim L dan Hartono D, 2016. Pengaruh Perilaku Masyarakat yang Bermukim di Kawasan Bantaran Sungai Terhadap Penurunan Kualitas Air Sungai Karang Anyar Kota Tarakan. Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan, 23(2): 249-258.
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Rahayu Y, Juwana I dan Marganingrum D, 2018. Kajian perhitungan beban pencemaran air sungai di daerah aliran sungai (DAS) Cikapundung dari Sektor Domestik. Rekayasa Hijau: Jurnal Teknologi Ramah Lingkungan, 2(1): 61-71.
Rahim A and Soeprobowati TR, 2018. Bioaccumulation of Lead (Pb) by the Common Water Hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms in Batujai Reservoir, Central Lombok Regency, In donesia. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation, 11(5): 1435-1444.
Rezania S, Taib SM, Din MFM, Dahalan FA and Kamyab H, 2016. Comprehensive Review on Phytotechnology: Heavy Metals Removal by Diverse Aquatic Plants Species from Wastewater. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 318: 587-599.
Sankhla MS, Kumari M, Nandan M, Kumar R and Agrawal P, 2016. Heavy Metals Contamination in Water and their Hazardous Effect on Human Health-A Review. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 5(10): 759-766.
Sendy.B Rondonumu, 2014. Fitoremediasi Limbah Merkuri Mengunakan Tanaman Dan Sistem Reaktor, Jurnal Ilmiah Sains, ISSN:1412-3770
Shi P, Zhang Y, Li Z, Li P and Xu G, 2017. Influence of Land Use and Land Cover Patterns on Seasonal Water Quality at Multi-Spatial Scales. Catena, 151: 182-190.
Simbolon AR, 2018. Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Pencemaran Timbal (Pb) pada Kerang Hijau (Perna viridis) di Perairan Cilincing Pesisir DKI Jakarta. OLDI (Oseanologi dan Limnologi di Indonesia), 3(3): 1 97-208.
Sulistyorini IS, Edwin M dan Arung AS, 2016. Analisis Kualitas Air pada Sumber Mata Air di Kecamatan Karangan dan Kaliorang Kabupaten Kutai Timur. Jurnal hutan tropis, 4(1): 64-76.
Tiro LL, Isa I dan Iyabu H, 2017. Potensi Tanaman Kangkung Air (Ipomoea Aquatica) sebagai Bioabsorpsi Logam Pb dan Cu. Jambura Journal of Educational Chemistry, 12(1): 81-86.
Zammi M, Rahmawati A dan Nirwana RR, 2018. Analisis Dampak Limbah Buangan Limbah Pabrik Batik di Sungai Simbangkulon Kab. Pekalongan. Walisongo Journal of Chemistry, 1(1): 1-5.
Adnyana IWS dan Rai IN, 2017. Studi Analisis Kualitas Air di Daerah Aliran Sungai Pakerisan Provinsi Bali. Ecotrophic: Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 11(2): 101-107.
Ali H, Khan E and Ilahi I, 2019. Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology of Hazardous Heavy Metals: Environmental Persistence, Toxicity, and Bioaccumulation. Journal of Chemistry, 2019: 1-14.
Ali M, Bhat AK, Dolkar T and Malik MA, 2018. Phytoremediation: A Plant-Based Technology. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 7(3): 766-777.
Bais SS, Lawrence K and Pandey AK, 2016. Phytoremediation Potential of Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology, 1(2): 238521.
Bonanno G and Cirelli GL, 2017. Comparative Analysis of Element Concentrations and Translocation in Three Wetland Congener Plants: Typha domingensis, Typha latifolia and Typha angustifolia. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 143: 92-101.
Borowiak K, Kanclerz J, Mleczek M, Lisiak M and Drzewiecka K, 2016. Accumulation of Cd and Pb in Water, Sediment and Two Littoral Plants (Phragmites australis, Typha angustifolia) of Freshwater Ecosystem. Archives of Environmental Protection, 42(3): 47-57.
Cai S, Shen Z, Ni Z, Li Y, Liu B and Zhao J, 2018. Metal Distribution in Water, Sediment, Sub merged Plant, and Fish from an Urban River in Zunyi, Southwest of China. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 27(3): 1627-1633.
Duman F, Urey E and Koca FD, 2015. Temporal Variation of Heavy Metal Accumulation and Translocation Characteristics of Narrow-Leaved Cattail (Typha angustifolia L.). Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(22): 17886-17896.
Hanif MA, Miah R, Islam MA dan Marzia S, 2020. Impact of Kapotaksha River Water Pollution on Human Health and Environment. Progressive Agriculture, 31(1): 1-9.
Hanin NA, Herlina RF dan Laily AN, 2016. Kualitas Perairan Sungai Brangkal Kabupaten Mojokerto Setelah Tercemar Limbah Kebakaran Berdasarkan Bioindikator Mikroalga. In Proceeding Biology Education Conference: Biology, Science, Enviromental, and Learning (Vol. 13, Nomer 1, pp. 736-741).
Happy,A.R., Masyamsir & Yayat D, 2012. Distibusi Kandungan Logam Berat Pb dan Cd Pada Kolam Air Dan Sedimen Daerah Aliran Sungai Citarum Hulu. Jurnal Teknik Pomits 3 (1) : 53-58.
Hapsari,J.e., Amri, C., Suyanto, A. 2018 Evektifitas Kangkung Air (IpomeaAquatik) Sebagai Fitoremediasi Dalam Menunjukan Kadar Timbal (Pb) Air Limbah Batik. Analytical and Environmental Chemistry.Vol.3(1):30-37
Irfan S and AlAtawi A, 2017. Eichhoria crassipes (Mart.) Solms. Application of Macrophyte in Heavy Metals Removal. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 11(4): 1737-1748.
Iwan Joko S, Sobriyah, Mamok S, 2015.Rehabiitas Bendungan Sinoman Di Kali Brangkal Untuk Mengatasi Banjir Di Desa Sooko, Kota Mojokerto. Jurnal Teknik Sipil. ISSN: 2339-0271
KLH Kota Mojokerto, 2008. Laporan Pantauan Kualitas Air Sungai Di Kota Mojokerto. Mojokerto
Malar S, Vikram SS, Favas PJ and Perumal V, 2016. Lead Heavy Metal Toxicity Induced Changes on Growth and Antioxidative Enzymes Level in Water Hyacinths [Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.)]. Botanical Studies, 55(1): 1-11.
Ng CC, Rahman MM, Boyce AN and Abas MR, 2016. Heavy Metals Phyto-assessment in Commonly Grown Vegetables: Water Spinach (I. aquatica) and Okra (A. esculentus). SpringerPlus, 5(1): 1-9.
Novita E, Wahyuningsih S, Jannah DANI dan Pradana HA, 2020. Fitoremediasi Air Limbah Laboratorium Analitik Universitas Jember dengan Pemanfaatan Tanaman Eceng Gondok dan Lembang. Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI), 7(1): 121-135.
Peraturan Pemerintah Nomer 82 tahun 2001, Tentang Pengolahan Kualitas Air dan Pengendalian Pencemaran Air.
Peraturan Mentri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia No 32 tahun 2017, Tentang Baku Mutu Lingkungan dan Persyaratan Kesehatan Air Untuk Keperluan Media Air Untuk Keperluan Higiene Sanitasi.
Pohan DAS, Budiyono B d an Syafrudin S, 2016. Analisis Kualitas air Sungai guna Menentukan Peruntukan Ditinjau dari Aspek Lingkungan. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 14(2): 63-71.
Pratush A, Kumar A and Hu Z, 2018. Adverse Effect of Heavy Metals (As, Pb, Hg, and Cr) on Health and their Bioremediation Strategies: a review. International Microbiology, 21(3): 97-106.
Priatna,, DE, Purnomo, T dan Kuswanti, N, 2016. Kadar Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) pada Air dan Ikan Bader (Barbonymus gonionotus) di Sungai Brantas Wilayah Mojokerto. LenteraBio: Berkala Ilmiah Biologi, 5(1): 48-53.
Purnomo, T dan Rachmadiarti, F. 2018. The Changes of Environtment and Aquatic Organism Biodiversity in East Coast of Sidoarjo Due to Lapindo Hot Mud. International Journal of GEOMATE, Aug., 2018 Vol.15, Issue 48, pp.181-186
Puspita I, Ibrahim L dan Hartono D, 2016. Pengaruh Perilaku Masyarakat yang Bermukim di Kawasan Bantaran Sungai Terhadap Penurunan Kualitas Air Sungai Karang Anyar Kota Tarakan. Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan, 23(2): 249-258.
Rachmawati R, Yona D dan Kasitowati, R.D., 2018. Potensi Mangrove Avicennia alba sebagai Agen Fitoremediasi Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) dan Tembaga (Cu) Di Perairan Wonorejo, Kota Surabaya. Jurnal Kelautan, 11(1): 80-87.
Racmahmadiarti,F, Fitrihidajati, H, Purnomo,T, Yuliani, and Wahyuningsih, A,D., 2018. "Azolla microphylla and Pistia stratiotes as Phytoremediator of P (lead)". Atlantis Highlights in Engineering.vol 1
Rahayu Y, Juwana I dan Marganingrum D, 2018. Kajian perhitungan beban pencemaran air sungai di daerah aliran sungai (DAS) Cikapundung dari Sektor Domestik. Rekayasa Hijau: Jurnal Teknologi Ramah Lingkungan, 2(1): 61-71.
Rahim A and Soeprobowati TR, 2018. Bioaccumulation of Lead (Pb) by the Common Water Hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms in Batujai Reservoir, Central Lombok Regency, In donesia. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation, 11(5): 1435-1444.
Rezania S, Taib SM, Din MFM, Dahalan FA and Kamyab H, 2016. Comprehensive Review on Phytotechnology: Heavy Metals Removal by Diverse Aquatic Plants Species from Wastewater. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 318: 587-599.
Sankhla MS, Kumari M, Nandan M, Kumar R and Agrawal P, 2016. Heavy Metals Contamination in Water and their Hazardous Effect on Human Health-A Review. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 5(10): 759-766.
Sendy.B Rondonumu, 2014. Fitoremediasi Limbah Merkuri Mengunakan Tanaman Dan Sistem Reaktor, Jurnal Ilmiah Sains, ISSN:1412-3770
Shi P, Zhang Y, Li Z, Li P and Xu G, 2017. Influence of Land Use and Land Cover Patterns on Seasonal Water Quality at Multi-Spatial Scales. Catena, 151: 182-190.
Simbolon AR, 2018. Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Pencemaran Timbal (Pb) pada Kerang Hijau (Perna viridis) di Perairan Cilincing Pesisir DKI Jakarta. OLDI (Oseanologi dan Limnologi di Indonesia), 3(3): 1 97-208.
Sulistyorini IS, Edwin M dan Arung AS, 2016. Analisis Kualitas Air pada Sumber Mata Air di Kecamatan Karangan dan Kaliorang Kabupaten Kutai Timur. Jurnal hutan tropis, 4(1): 64-76.
Tiro LL, Isa I dan Iyabu H, 2017. Potensi Tanaman Kangkung Air (Ipomoea Aquatica) sebagai Bioabsorpsi Logam Pb dan Cu. Jambura Journal of Educational Chemistry, 12(1): 81-86.
Zammi M, Rahmawati A dan Nirwana RR, 2018. Analisis Dampak Limbah Buangan Limbah Pabrik Batik di Sungai Simbangkulon Kab. Pekalongan. Walisongo Journal of Chemistry, 1(1): 1-5.
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2022-05-29
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Syafriliansah, M. W., & Purnomo, T. (2022). Levels of Heavy Metal Lead (Pb) Aquatic Plants and Water as an Indicator of Water Quality in Brangkal Mojokerto River. LenteraBio : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi, 11(2), 341–350. https://doi.org/10.26740/lenterabio.v11n2.p341-350
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