Effect of Sintering and Concentration of Dymethylformamide on Surface Properties of Hydroxyapatite Coating on Titanium Substrate Fabricated by Electrophoretic Deposition
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26740/jpfa.v10n2.p90-102Keywords:
metal implant coating, electrophoretic deposition, hydroxyapatite, dimethylformamideAbstract
Hydroxyapatite (HAp) coating on metallic implant was developed to increase bioactivity of orthopaedic implant. In this work, hydroxyapatite was successfully deposited on commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) substrate by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). This work aims to determine the effect of dimethylformamide (DMF) as dispersant for EPD suspension followed by heat treatment, on the surface morphology of the HAp coating. HAp powder was suspended in an ethanol-DMF solution with the amount of DMF designed at 0, 5, 10, and 15% per 100 mL suspension. EPD was then performed successfully on all samples. After EPD, the specimens were sintered at 800 °C for 120 minutes in argon atmosphere. Surface morphology, composition, and phase of HAp coating before and after sintering were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer, and X-ray Diffractometer. X-ray and IR spectra confirmed that sintering had a little effect on the chemical structure and the phase of the deposited HAp. The morphology of the surface is denser across all samples and shows distinguishable features as the amount of DMF in the system was increased. The 15% DMF sample exhibits the mostly grooved surface after sintering. Further analysis showed that sintering reduced the EPD-related shrinkage on the surface and enhanced the size of the pores. Microstructural indication referring to previous research suggested that this type of microscopic surface is very sought after in promoting a good biological interaction between the implant and the host. Further testing must be done to confirm the effect of DMF-modified structure in living tissue.References
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Ulasevich SA, Kulak AI, Poznyak SK, Karpushenkov SA, Lisenkov AD, and Skorb EV. Deposition of HydroxyapatiteIncorporated TiO2 Coating on Titanium Using Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Coupled with Electrophoretic Deposition. RSC Advances. 2016; 6(67): 62540-62544. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA10560B.
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Yu HN, Hsu HC, Wu SC, Hsu CW, Hsu SK, and Ho WF. Characterization of Nano-Scale Hydroxyapatite Coating Synthesized from Eggshells Through Hydrothermal Reaction on Commercially Pure Titanium. Coatings. 2020; 10(2): 112-122. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10020112.
Pusparini U, Effendi MD, and Hanafi R. Hydroxyapatite Coating on Titanium by Elecrophoretic Deposition from Ethanol-dimethylformamide Suspensions. Proceedings of 14th International Joint Conference on Chemistry. Surakarta; 2019.
Chavez-Valdez A, Shaffer MSP, and Boccaccini AR. Applications of Graphene Electrophoretic Deposition. A review. The Journal of Physical Chemistry. 2012; 117(6): 1502-1515. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/jp3064917.
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Teh YC, Tan CY, Ramesh S, Purbolaksono J, Tan YM, Chandra H, Teng WD, and Yap BK. Effect of Calcination on The Sintering Behaviour of Hydroxyapatite. Ceramics-Silikáty. 2014; 58(4): 320-325. Available from: https://www.ceramics-silikaty.cz/index.php?page=cs_detail_doi&id=131.
Jeffrey CKL, Chuan YL, Ramesh S, and Sivanesan S. The Sinterability Of Hydroxyapatite Bioceramics. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, Special Issue on SOMCHE 2014 & RSCE 2014 Conference. 2015; 6: 83-90. Available from: http://jestec.taylors.edu.my/Special%20Issue%206_SOMCHE_2014/SOMCHE%202014_6_2015_083_090.pdf.
Malina D, Biernat K, and Sobczak-kupiec A. Studies on Sintering Process of Synthetic Hydroxyapatite. Acta Biochimica Polonica. 2013; 60(4): 851855. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18388/abp.2013_2071.
Mondal S, Hoang G, Manivasagan P, Moorthy MS, Kim HH, Phan TTV, and Oh J. Comparative Characterization of Biogenic and Chemical Synthesized Hydroxyapatite Biomaterials for Potential Biomedical Application. Materials Chemistry and Physics. 2019; 228: 344-356. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2019.02.021.
Effendi MD, Gustiono D, Ayu D, and Kurniawati F. Comparison on Mechanical Properties of Single Layered and Bilayered Chitosan-Gelatin Coated Porous Hydroxyapatite Scaffold Prepared Through Freeze Drying Method. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2017; 172: 012031. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/172/1/012031.
Yang Y, Wang K, Gu X, and Leong KW. Biophysical Regulation of Cell Behavior”Cross Talk between Substrate Stiffness and Nanotopography. Engineering (Beijing). 2017; 3(1): 36-54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2017.01.014.
Hettich G, Schierjott RA, Epple M, Gbureck U, Heinemann S, Mozaffari-Jovein H, and Grupp TM. Calcium Phosphate Bone Graft Substitutes With High Mechanical Load Capacity and High Degree of Interconnecting Porosity. Materials. 2019; 12(21): 3471-3485. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12213471.
Harun WSW, Asri RiM, Alias J, Zulkifli FH, Kadirgama K, Ghani SABC, and Shariffuddin JHM. A Comprehensive Review of Hydroxyapatite-Based Coatings Adhesion on Metallic Biomaterials. Ceramics International. 2018; 44(2): 1250-1268. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.10.162.
Prasad S, Gaddam A, Jana A, Kant S, Sinha PK, Tripathy S, Annapurna K, Ferreira JM, Allu AR, and Biswas K. Structure and Stability of High CaO-and P2O5-Containing Silicate and Borosilicate Bioactive Glasses. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B. 2019; 123(35): 7558-7569. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b02455.
Prakasam M, Locs J, Salma-Ancane K, Loca D, Largeteau A, and Berzina-Cimdina L. Biodegradable Materials and Metallic Implants”A Review. Journal of Functional Biomaterials. 2017; 8(4): 44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb8040044.
Oshida Y. Hydroxyapatite: Synthesis and Applications. New York: Momentum Press; 2014.
Suwanprateeb J, Suvannapruk W, Chokevivat W, Kiertkrittikhoon S, Jaruwangsanti N and Tienboon P. Bioactivity of A SolGel-Derived Hydroxyapatite Coating on Titanium Implants In Vitro and In Vivo. Asian Biomedicine. 2018; 12(1): 3544. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/abm-2018-0029.
Nazir M, Ting OP, Yee TS, Pushparajan S, Swaminathan D and Kutty MG. Biomimetic Coating of Modified Titanium Surfaces with Hydroxyapatite Using Simulated Body Fluid. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering. 2015; 2015: 407379. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/407379.
Pylypchuk IV, Petranovskaya AL, Gorbyk PP, Korduban AM, Markovsky PE, and Ivasishin OM. Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite Growth on Functionalized Surfaces of Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-Zr-Nb Alloys. Nanoscale Research Letter. 2015; 10: 338. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-015-1017-x.
Elkoca O, Yoruc ABH, Karakas A, and Koyun A. Hydroxyapatite Coating on Cp-Ti Implants by Biomimetic Method. Advanced Materials Research. 2012; 445: 679-684. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.445.679.
Cizek J J and Matejicek. Medicine Meets Thermal Spray Technology: A Review of Patents. Journal of Thermal Spray Technology. 2018; 27: 12511279. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-018-0798-8.
Surmenev RA, Surmeneva MA, Grubova IY, Chernozem RV, Krause B, Baumbach T, Loza K, and Epple M. RF Magnetron Sputtering of A Hydroxyapatite Target: A comparison Study on Polytetrafluorethylene and Titanium Substrates. Applied Surface Science. 2017; 414: 335344. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.04.090.
Qi J, Yang Y, Zhou M, Chen Z, and Chen K. Effect of Transition Layer on The Performance of Hydroxyapatite/Titanium Nitride Coating Developed on Ti-6Al-4V Alloy by Magnetron Sputtering. Ceramics International. 2019; 45(4): 4863-4869. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.11.183.
Lin DY, Jiang Y, and Wang XX. Electrolytic Deposition of Hydroxyapatite Coating on CoNiCrMo Substrates. Advanced Engineering Materials. 2010; 12(1-2): B70B73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.200980013.
Ulasevich SA, Kulak AI, Poznyak SK, Karpushenkov SA, Lisenkov AD, and Skorb EV. Deposition of HydroxyapatiteIncorporated TiO2 Coating on Titanium Using Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Coupled with Electrophoretic Deposition. RSC Advances. 2016; 6(67): 62540-62544. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA10560B.
Kollath VO, Chen Q, Closset R, Luyten J, Traina K, Mullens S, Boccaccini AR, and Cloots R. AC vs. DC Electrophoretic Deposition of Hydroxyapatite on Titanium. Journal of the European Ceramic Society. 2013; 33(13-14): 2715-2721. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2013.04.030.
Farrokhi-Rad M, Khosrowshahi YB, Hassannejad H, Nouri A, and Hosseini M. Preparation and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite/Titania Nanocomposite Coatings on Titanium by Electrophoretic deposition. Materials Research Express. 2018; 5(11): 115004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/aadbe8.
Gamburg YD, Zangari G. Introduction to Electrodeposition: Basic Terms and Fundamental Concepts. In Gamburg YD, Zangari G. Theory and Practice of Metal Electrodeposition. New York: Springer; 2011: 1-25.
Kumar S, Pande S, and Verma P. Factor Effecting Electro-Deposition Process. International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology. 2015; 5(2): 700-703. Available from: http://inpressco.com/factor-effecting-electro-deposition-process/.
Nuswantoro NF, Budiman I, Septiawarman A, Tjong DH., and Manjas M. Effect of Applied Voltage and Coating Time on Nano Hydroxyapatite Coating on Titanium Alloy Ti6Al4V Using Electrophoretic Deposition for Orthopaedic Implant Application. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2019; 547: 012004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/547/1/012004.
Yu HN, Hsu HC, Wu SC, Hsu CW, Hsu SK, and Ho WF. Characterization of Nano-Scale Hydroxyapatite Coating Synthesized from Eggshells Through Hydrothermal Reaction on Commercially Pure Titanium. Coatings. 2020; 10(2): 112-122. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10020112.
Pusparini U, Effendi MD, and Hanafi R. Hydroxyapatite Coating on Titanium by Elecrophoretic Deposition from Ethanol-dimethylformamide Suspensions. Proceedings of 14th International Joint Conference on Chemistry. Surakarta; 2019.
Chavez-Valdez A, Shaffer MSP, and Boccaccini AR. Applications of Graphene Electrophoretic Deposition. A review. The Journal of Physical Chemistry. 2012; 117(6): 1502-1515. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/jp3064917.
Chen PY, Wang SF, Chien RR., Tu CS, Feng KC, Chen CS, Hung KY, and Schmidt VH. Evolution of the Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite Bioceramics with Varying Sintering Temperature. Ceramics International. 2019; 45(13): 16226-16233. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.05.144.
Mehta MS and Singh RP. Effects of Aging Time and Sintering Temperatures on Thermal, Structural and Morphological Properties of Coralline Hydroxyapatite. Journal of Nuclear Physics, Material Science, Radiation and Application. 2016; 3(2): 223237. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2016.32021.
Teh YC, Tan CY, Ramesh S, Purbolaksono J, Tan YM, Chandra H, Teng WD, and Yap BK. Effect of Calcination on The Sintering Behaviour of Hydroxyapatite. Ceramics-Silikáty. 2014; 58(4): 320-325. Available from: https://www.ceramics-silikaty.cz/index.php?page=cs_detail_doi&id=131.
Jeffrey CKL, Chuan YL, Ramesh S, and Sivanesan S. The Sinterability Of Hydroxyapatite Bioceramics. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, Special Issue on SOMCHE 2014 & RSCE 2014 Conference. 2015; 6: 83-90. Available from: http://jestec.taylors.edu.my/Special%20Issue%206_SOMCHE_2014/SOMCHE%202014_6_2015_083_090.pdf.
Malina D, Biernat K, and Sobczak-kupiec A. Studies on Sintering Process of Synthetic Hydroxyapatite. Acta Biochimica Polonica. 2013; 60(4): 851855. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18388/abp.2013_2071.
Mondal S, Hoang G, Manivasagan P, Moorthy MS, Kim HH, Phan TTV, and Oh J. Comparative Characterization of Biogenic and Chemical Synthesized Hydroxyapatite Biomaterials for Potential Biomedical Application. Materials Chemistry and Physics. 2019; 228: 344-356. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2019.02.021.
Effendi MD, Gustiono D, Ayu D, and Kurniawati F. Comparison on Mechanical Properties of Single Layered and Bilayered Chitosan-Gelatin Coated Porous Hydroxyapatite Scaffold Prepared Through Freeze Drying Method. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2017; 172: 012031. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/172/1/012031.
Yang Y, Wang K, Gu X, and Leong KW. Biophysical Regulation of Cell Behavior”Cross Talk between Substrate Stiffness and Nanotopography. Engineering (Beijing). 2017; 3(1): 36-54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2017.01.014.
Hettich G, Schierjott RA, Epple M, Gbureck U, Heinemann S, Mozaffari-Jovein H, and Grupp TM. Calcium Phosphate Bone Graft Substitutes With High Mechanical Load Capacity and High Degree of Interconnecting Porosity. Materials. 2019; 12(21): 3471-3485. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12213471.
Harun WSW, Asri RiM, Alias J, Zulkifli FH, Kadirgama K, Ghani SABC, and Shariffuddin JHM. A Comprehensive Review of Hydroxyapatite-Based Coatings Adhesion on Metallic Biomaterials. Ceramics International. 2018; 44(2): 1250-1268. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.10.162.
Prasad S, Gaddam A, Jana A, Kant S, Sinha PK, Tripathy S, Annapurna K, Ferreira JM, Allu AR, and Biswas K. Structure and Stability of High CaO-and P2O5-Containing Silicate and Borosilicate Bioactive Glasses. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B. 2019; 123(35): 7558-7569. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b02455.
Prakasam M, Locs J, Salma-Ancane K, Loca D, Largeteau A, and Berzina-Cimdina L. Biodegradable Materials and Metallic Implants”A Review. Journal of Functional Biomaterials. 2017; 8(4): 44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb8040044.
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2020-12-31
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Effendi, M. D., Hanafi, R., Pusparini, U. and Syafira, S. A. (2020) “Effect of Sintering and Concentration of Dymethylformamide on Surface Properties of Hydroxyapatite Coating on Titanium Substrate Fabricated by Electrophoretic Deposition”, Jurnal Penelitian Fisika dan Aplikasinya (JPFA), 10(2), pp. 90–102. doi: 10.26740/jpfa.v10n2.p90-102.
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