Primordial Helium In The Left-Right Symmetry Model With Extra Scalar Fields

Authors

  • Istikomah Istikomah Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo
  • Amara Ega Prasheylia Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo
  • Hamdan Hadi Kusuma Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26740/jpfa.v15n1.p52-70

Keywords:

Primordial Helium, Standard Model, Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN), Left-Right Symmetry, Feynman Diagram

Abstract

Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) is a crucial phase in the universe's evolution, occurring approximately 1 second after the Big Bang. The BBN theory predicts a primordial Helium-4 abundance of about 25%, offering key limits on the number of light particles present at BBN temperatures. The Left-Right Symmetry Model with an Extra Scalar Field is a development of the Standard Model that adds a massive scalar field, which can decay into relativistic particles. This research aims to determine the temperature ratio between the right and left sectors, the mass limit of the massive scalar field consistent with BBN constraints, and the primordial helium abundance. This research is theoretical. The research objectives can be achieved with various methods; the Yukawa Lagrangian and the Scalar Potential are depicted in a Feynman Diagram, which then calculates each sector’s decay rate and temperature changes. The temperature ratio of the right and left sectors when the BBN took place in this model was 0.08-0.09. The BBN constraint imposes a dimensionless bound expressed as the mass ratio of the scalar field in the right sector to that in the left sector is . The abundance of primordial Helium-4 in the left sector is 25%, according to the Standard Model, while primordial Helium-4 in the right industry is 79%-87%. Thus, the Left-Right Symmetry Model with Extra Scalar mode satisfies the constraints of BBN words.

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Published

2025-06-30

How to Cite

Istikomah, I., Ega Prasheylia, A. and Hadi Kusuma, H. (2025) “Primordial Helium In The Left-Right Symmetry Model With Extra Scalar Fields”, Jurnal Penelitian Fisika dan Aplikasinya (JPFA), 15(1), pp. 52–70. doi: 10.26740/jpfa.v15n1.p52-70.

Issue

Vol. 15 No. 1 (2025)

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