Analisis Pengaruh Job Demand terhadap Work Engagement melalui Burnout
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26740/jim.v8n3.p1038-1049Keywords:
burnout, challenge demands, job demand, job resources, work engagement.Abstract
The aim of this research was to explore burnout, work engagement, and job demand among debt collector workers. The total available population of employees (N= 32) Consumer Collection and Remedial Unit Bank Tabungan Negara Cabang Surabaya participated in this study. Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory and Job demand scale were used as measuring instruments. Partial Least Square (PLS) and supported by SmartPLS 3.0 software were used as a statistical analysis. The result showed that job demand has significant positive effect on work engagement and burnout. On the contrary, burnout has no significant effect on work engagement and cannot mediated the effect of job demand on work engagement. Improved job resources and managing challenge demands are offered as recommendations to improve employee engagement.
References
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2016). Job DemandsResources Theory: Taking Stock and Looking Forward. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22(3), 273285. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000056
Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Sanz-vergel, A. I. (2014). Burnout and Work Engagement¯: The JD R Approach. The Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1, 389411. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091235
Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Verbeke, W. (2004). Using The Job Demands-Resources Model to Predict Burnout and Performance. Human Resource Management, 43(1), 83104. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20004
Bimantari, P. (2015). Pengaruh Job Demands, Personal Resources, dan Jenis kelamin Terhadap Work Engagement. Diakses pada 20 Februari 2020, dikutip dari http://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/handle/123456789/33440
Broeck, A. Van Den, Elst, T. Vander, Baillien, E., Sercu, M., Schouteden, M., Witte, H. De, & Godderis, L. (2017). Job Demands , Job Resources, Burnout, Work Engagement, and Their Reationship: An Analysis Across Sectors. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 59(4), 369376. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000000964
Cahyani, W. (2019). Peran Dukungan Sosial Terhadap Stress Kerja Sebagai Peningkatan Kinerja Karyawan. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, 7(3), 868876. Diakses pada 15 Februari 2020, dikutip dari https://jurnalmahasiswa.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jim/article/view/29331
Christianty, T. O. V., & Widhianingtanti, L. T. (2016). Burnout Ditinjau dari Employee Engagement pada Karyawan. Psikodimensia, 15(2), 351373. Diakses pada 16 Februari 2020, dikutip dari http://103.243.177.137/index.php/psi/article/download/996/658
Coetzer, C., & Rothmann, S. (2007). Job Demands, Job Resources and Work Engagement of Employees in A Manufacturing Organisation. Southern African Business Review, 11(3), 1732. Diakses pada 15 Februari 2020, dikutip dari https://journals.co.za/content/sabr/11/3/EJC92864?crawler=true&mimetype=application/pdf
Cole, M. S., Walter, F., Bedeian, A. G., Boyle, E. H. O., Cole, M. S., & Walter, F. (2012). Job Burnout and Employee Engagement: A Meta-Analytic Examination of Construct Proliferation. Journal of Management, 38(5), 15501581. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206311415252
Cooper, D. R., & Schindler, P. S. (2014). Business Research Methods (Twelfth Ed). New York: Mc Graw-Hill/Irwin.
Crawford, E. R., Lepine, J. A., & Rich, B. L. (2010). Linking Job Demands and Resources to Employee Engagement and Burnout¯: A Theoretical Extension and Meta-Analytic Test. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(5), 834848. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019364
Elst, T. Vander, Cavents, C., Daneels, K., Johannik, K., Baillien, E., Broeck, A. Van Den, & Godderis, L. (2016). Job DemandsResources Predicting Burnout and Work Engagement among Belgian Home Healthcare Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nursing Outlook, 64(6), 542556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2016.06.004
Fazlurrahman, H. (2018). Change Management in Islam Perspective. Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Akuntansi, 15(1), 5460. Diakses pada 14 Februari 2020, dikutip dari http://riset.unisma.ac.id/index.php/jema
Ghozali, I. (2008). Structural Equation Modelling: Metode Alternatif Dengan Partial Leat Square. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Hikmatullah, F. (2016). Hubungan Employee Engagement dan Burnout Pada Karyawan Divisi IT. Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi, 9(1), 100108. Diakses pada 16 Februari 2020, dikutip dari https://ejournal.gunadarma.ac.id/index.php/psiko/article/view/1548/1307
Hurrel, J. J., Murphy, L. R., & Cooper, S. L. (1988). Occupational Stress: Issue and Development in Research. London: Taylor & Francis Ltd.
Kim, S., & Wang, J. (2018). The Role of Job Demands Resources ( JDR ) between Service Workers Emotional Labor and Burnout¯: New Directions for Labor Policy at Local Government. Journal of Enviromental Research and Public Health, 15(12), 2894. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122894
Kristensen, T. S., Borritz, M., Villadsen, E., & Christensen, K. B. (2005). The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory: A New Tool For The Assessment of Burnout. Journal of Work, Health and Organization, 19(3), 192207. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678370500297720
Lee, A., Kim, H., Faulkner, M., Gerstenblatt, P., & Travis, D. J. (2019). Work Engagement among Child ‘ Care Providers¯: An Application of The Job Demands Resources Model. Child & Youth Care Forum, 48(1), 7791. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-018-9473-y
MaricuÈ›oiu, L. P., Sulea, C., & Iancu, A. (2017). Work Engagement or Burnout¯: Which Comes First¯? A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Evidence. Burnout Research, 5, 3543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burn.2017.05.001
Martin. (2017). Industry 4.0: Definition, Design Principles, Challenges, and the Future of Employment. Diakses pada 20 Januari 2020, diakses dari https://www.cleverism.com/industry-4-0/
Maslach, C., & Leiter, M. P. (2016). Understanding The Burnout Experience¯: Recent Research and its Implications for Psychiatry. Journal of World Psychiatry, 15(2), 103111.
Moeller, J., Ivcevic, Z., White, A. E., Menges, J. I., & Brackett, M. A. (2017). Highly Engaged but Burned Out¯: Intra-Individual Profiles in The US Workforce. Journal of Career Development International, 23(1), 86105. https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-12-2016-0215
Montgomery, A., Spânu, F., Adriana, B., & Panagopoulou, E. (2015). Job Demands, Burnout, and Engagement among Nurses: A Multi-Level Analysis of Orcab Data Investigating The Moderating Effect of Teamwork. Burnout Research, 2, 7179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burn.2015.06.001
Nahrgang, J. D., Morgeson, F. P., & Hofmann, D. A. (2011). Safety at Work¯: A Meta-Analytic Investigation of the Link Between Job Demands , Job Resources , Burnout , Engagement , and Safety Outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(1), 7194. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021484
Oktarina, A. N. (2017). Pengaruh Job Demand Pada Burnout dengan Job Resource dan Personal Resource sebagai Pemoderasi¯: Studi pada PT Kusumaputra Santosa Karanganyar. Prosiding Seminar Pendidikan Ekonomi dan Bisnis. Diakses pada 17 Februari 2020, dikutip dari http://www.jurnal.fkip.uns.ac.id/index.php/snpe/article/viewFile/10673/8350
Perrin, T. (2013). Working Today: Understanding What Drives Employee Engagement Towers Perrin Annual Report. Diakses pada 15 Februari 2020, dikutip dari www.towerperrin.com
Ramadhani, Y. N., & Hadi, C. (2018). Pengaruh Job Demands-Resources Terhadap Employee Engagement Pada Staff Account Officer PT. X Wilayah Jombang. Jurnal Psikologi Industri dan Organisasi, 7, 115. Diakses pada 20 Februari 2020, dikutip dari http://url.unair.ac.id/cf758369
Salmela-aro, K., & Upadyaya, K. (2018). Role of Demands-Resources in Work Engagement and Burnout in Different Career Stages. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 108, 190200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2018.08.002
Santoso, P. N., & Hartono, B. (2017). Pengaruh Job Demand-Resources Terhadap Burnout Pada Manajer Proyek Indonesia. Seminar Nasional Teknik Industri Universitas Gajah Mada 2017 (pp. 8292). Yogyakarta: Program Studi Teknik Industri Departemen Teknik Mesin dan Industri.
Saputra, A. (2019). Analisis Pengaruh Job Demand, Job Resources dan Personal Resources Terhadap Work Engagement (Studi Pada Badan Keuangan Daerah Kabupaten Boyolali). Diakses pada 10 Maret 2020, dikutip dari http://eprints.ums.ac.id/70900/
Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job Demands, Job Resources, and Their Relationship with Burnout and Engagement: A Multi-Sample Study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25, 293315. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.248 Job
Schaufeli, W., & Bakker, A. (2004). Utrecht Work Engagement Scale: Preliminary Manual. Occupational Health Psychology Unit. Utrecht: Utrecht University.
Schaufeli, W., Truss, C., Alfes, K., Delbridge, R., Shantz, A., & Soane, E. (2013). What Is Engagement? In Employee Engagement In Theory And Practice (pp. 137). London: Routledge.
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2014). Metode Penelitian Untuk Bisnis. Hoboken: Jhon Wiley & Sons Inc.
Upadyaya, K., Ph, D., Vartiainen, M., Ph, D., & D, K. S. P. (2016). From Job Demands and Resources to Work Engagement, Burnout, Life Satisfaction Depressive Symptoms and Occupational Health. Burnout Research, 3(4), 101108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burn.2016.10.001
Villavicencio-ayub, E., Jurado-cárdenas, S., & Valencia-cruz, A. (2015). Work Engagement and Occupational Burnout: Its Relation to Organizational Socialization and Psychological Resilience. Journal of Behavior, Health and Social Issues, 6(2), 4555. https://doi.org/10.5460/jbhsi.v6.2.47026
Yener, M., & Coskun, O. (2013). Using Job Resources and Job Demands in Predicting Burnout. International Strategic Management Conference (pp. 869876). Elsevier Ltd.
Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Sanz-vergel, A. I. (2014). Burnout and Work Engagement¯: The JD R Approach. The Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1, 389411. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091235
Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Verbeke, W. (2004). Using The Job Demands-Resources Model to Predict Burnout and Performance. Human Resource Management, 43(1), 83104. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20004
Bimantari, P. (2015). Pengaruh Job Demands, Personal Resources, dan Jenis kelamin Terhadap Work Engagement. Diakses pada 20 Februari 2020, dikutip dari http://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/handle/123456789/33440
Broeck, A. Van Den, Elst, T. Vander, Baillien, E., Sercu, M., Schouteden, M., Witte, H. De, & Godderis, L. (2017). Job Demands , Job Resources, Burnout, Work Engagement, and Their Reationship: An Analysis Across Sectors. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 59(4), 369376. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000000964
Cahyani, W. (2019). Peran Dukungan Sosial Terhadap Stress Kerja Sebagai Peningkatan Kinerja Karyawan. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, 7(3), 868876. Diakses pada 15 Februari 2020, dikutip dari https://jurnalmahasiswa.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jim/article/view/29331
Christianty, T. O. V., & Widhianingtanti, L. T. (2016). Burnout Ditinjau dari Employee Engagement pada Karyawan. Psikodimensia, 15(2), 351373. Diakses pada 16 Februari 2020, dikutip dari http://103.243.177.137/index.php/psi/article/download/996/658
Coetzer, C., & Rothmann, S. (2007). Job Demands, Job Resources and Work Engagement of Employees in A Manufacturing Organisation. Southern African Business Review, 11(3), 1732. Diakses pada 15 Februari 2020, dikutip dari https://journals.co.za/content/sabr/11/3/EJC92864?crawler=true&mimetype=application/pdf
Cole, M. S., Walter, F., Bedeian, A. G., Boyle, E. H. O., Cole, M. S., & Walter, F. (2012). Job Burnout and Employee Engagement: A Meta-Analytic Examination of Construct Proliferation. Journal of Management, 38(5), 15501581. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206311415252
Cooper, D. R., & Schindler, P. S. (2014). Business Research Methods (Twelfth Ed). New York: Mc Graw-Hill/Irwin.
Crawford, E. R., Lepine, J. A., & Rich, B. L. (2010). Linking Job Demands and Resources to Employee Engagement and Burnout¯: A Theoretical Extension and Meta-Analytic Test. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(5), 834848. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019364
Elst, T. Vander, Cavents, C., Daneels, K., Johannik, K., Baillien, E., Broeck, A. Van Den, & Godderis, L. (2016). Job DemandsResources Predicting Burnout and Work Engagement among Belgian Home Healthcare Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nursing Outlook, 64(6), 542556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2016.06.004
Fazlurrahman, H. (2018). Change Management in Islam Perspective. Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Akuntansi, 15(1), 5460. Diakses pada 14 Februari 2020, dikutip dari http://riset.unisma.ac.id/index.php/jema
Ghozali, I. (2008). Structural Equation Modelling: Metode Alternatif Dengan Partial Leat Square. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Hikmatullah, F. (2016). Hubungan Employee Engagement dan Burnout Pada Karyawan Divisi IT. Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi, 9(1), 100108. Diakses pada 16 Februari 2020, dikutip dari https://ejournal.gunadarma.ac.id/index.php/psiko/article/view/1548/1307
Hurrel, J. J., Murphy, L. R., & Cooper, S. L. (1988). Occupational Stress: Issue and Development in Research. London: Taylor & Francis Ltd.
Kim, S., & Wang, J. (2018). The Role of Job Demands Resources ( JDR ) between Service Workers Emotional Labor and Burnout¯: New Directions for Labor Policy at Local Government. Journal of Enviromental Research and Public Health, 15(12), 2894. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122894
Kristensen, T. S., Borritz, M., Villadsen, E., & Christensen, K. B. (2005). The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory: A New Tool For The Assessment of Burnout. Journal of Work, Health and Organization, 19(3), 192207. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678370500297720
Lee, A., Kim, H., Faulkner, M., Gerstenblatt, P., & Travis, D. J. (2019). Work Engagement among Child ‘ Care Providers¯: An Application of The Job Demands Resources Model. Child & Youth Care Forum, 48(1), 7791. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-018-9473-y
MaricuÈ›oiu, L. P., Sulea, C., & Iancu, A. (2017). Work Engagement or Burnout¯: Which Comes First¯? A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Evidence. Burnout Research, 5, 3543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burn.2017.05.001
Martin. (2017). Industry 4.0: Definition, Design Principles, Challenges, and the Future of Employment. Diakses pada 20 Januari 2020, diakses dari https://www.cleverism.com/industry-4-0/
Maslach, C., & Leiter, M. P. (2016). Understanding The Burnout Experience¯: Recent Research and its Implications for Psychiatry. Journal of World Psychiatry, 15(2), 103111.
Moeller, J., Ivcevic, Z., White, A. E., Menges, J. I., & Brackett, M. A. (2017). Highly Engaged but Burned Out¯: Intra-Individual Profiles in The US Workforce. Journal of Career Development International, 23(1), 86105. https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-12-2016-0215
Montgomery, A., Spânu, F., Adriana, B., & Panagopoulou, E. (2015). Job Demands, Burnout, and Engagement among Nurses: A Multi-Level Analysis of Orcab Data Investigating The Moderating Effect of Teamwork. Burnout Research, 2, 7179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burn.2015.06.001
Nahrgang, J. D., Morgeson, F. P., & Hofmann, D. A. (2011). Safety at Work¯: A Meta-Analytic Investigation of the Link Between Job Demands , Job Resources , Burnout , Engagement , and Safety Outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(1), 7194. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021484
Oktarina, A. N. (2017). Pengaruh Job Demand Pada Burnout dengan Job Resource dan Personal Resource sebagai Pemoderasi¯: Studi pada PT Kusumaputra Santosa Karanganyar. Prosiding Seminar Pendidikan Ekonomi dan Bisnis. Diakses pada 17 Februari 2020, dikutip dari http://www.jurnal.fkip.uns.ac.id/index.php/snpe/article/viewFile/10673/8350
Perrin, T. (2013). Working Today: Understanding What Drives Employee Engagement Towers Perrin Annual Report. Diakses pada 15 Februari 2020, dikutip dari www.towerperrin.com
Ramadhani, Y. N., & Hadi, C. (2018). Pengaruh Job Demands-Resources Terhadap Employee Engagement Pada Staff Account Officer PT. X Wilayah Jombang. Jurnal Psikologi Industri dan Organisasi, 7, 115. Diakses pada 20 Februari 2020, dikutip dari http://url.unair.ac.id/cf758369
Salmela-aro, K., & Upadyaya, K. (2018). Role of Demands-Resources in Work Engagement and Burnout in Different Career Stages. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 108, 190200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2018.08.002
Santoso, P. N., & Hartono, B. (2017). Pengaruh Job Demand-Resources Terhadap Burnout Pada Manajer Proyek Indonesia. Seminar Nasional Teknik Industri Universitas Gajah Mada 2017 (pp. 8292). Yogyakarta: Program Studi Teknik Industri Departemen Teknik Mesin dan Industri.
Saputra, A. (2019). Analisis Pengaruh Job Demand, Job Resources dan Personal Resources Terhadap Work Engagement (Studi Pada Badan Keuangan Daerah Kabupaten Boyolali). Diakses pada 10 Maret 2020, dikutip dari http://eprints.ums.ac.id/70900/
Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job Demands, Job Resources, and Their Relationship with Burnout and Engagement: A Multi-Sample Study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25, 293315. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.248 Job
Schaufeli, W., & Bakker, A. (2004). Utrecht Work Engagement Scale: Preliminary Manual. Occupational Health Psychology Unit. Utrecht: Utrecht University.
Schaufeli, W., Truss, C., Alfes, K., Delbridge, R., Shantz, A., & Soane, E. (2013). What Is Engagement? In Employee Engagement In Theory And Practice (pp. 137). London: Routledge.
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2014). Metode Penelitian Untuk Bisnis. Hoboken: Jhon Wiley & Sons Inc.
Upadyaya, K., Ph, D., Vartiainen, M., Ph, D., & D, K. S. P. (2016). From Job Demands and Resources to Work Engagement, Burnout, Life Satisfaction Depressive Symptoms and Occupational Health. Burnout Research, 3(4), 101108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burn.2016.10.001
Villavicencio-ayub, E., Jurado-cárdenas, S., & Valencia-cruz, A. (2015). Work Engagement and Occupational Burnout: Its Relation to Organizational Socialization and Psychological Resilience. Journal of Behavior, Health and Social Issues, 6(2), 4555. https://doi.org/10.5460/jbhsi.v6.2.47026
Yener, M., & Coskun, O. (2013). Using Job Resources and Job Demands in Predicting Burnout. International Strategic Management Conference (pp. 869876). Elsevier Ltd.
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2020-07-19
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Jazilah, B. (2020). Analisis Pengaruh Job Demand terhadap Work Engagement melalui Burnout. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, 8(3), 1038–1049. https://doi.org/10.26740/jim.v8n3.p1038-1049
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