Modelling digital capability as a game changer to enhance SME’s performance

Authors

  • Mohammad Fakhruddin Mudzakkir Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia
  • Wahyu Eko Pujianto Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia
  • Al-Baraa Abdulrahman Al-Mekhlafi Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Malaysia
  • Dahlia Fernandez Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
  • Ajeng Dyah Paraswati Nahdlatul Ulama Sidoarjo University, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26740/bisma.v18n2.p252-281

Keywords:

digital capability, digital leadership, entrepreneur orientation, SMEs performance, innovation capability

Abstract

Digital technology can help industries face competition, particularly play a vital role in improving SMEs' performance. This study aims to investigate the relationship between digital leadership and SMEs' performance by examining digital capabilities, with a focus on the crucial roles of digital and innovation capabilities as mediators and entrepreneur orientation as a moderator. A survey technique was employed to identify Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in East Java. A total of 205 responses were collected and designed using Likert scale and the data were analysed using PLS-SEM. The results indicate that digital leadership influences digital capability, which in turn influences SMEs performance. Additionally, innovation capability influences both digital leadership and SMEs performance. In addition, entrepreneur orientation cannot moderate the relationship between innovation capability and SMEs performance. However, entrepreneur orientation is able to mediate the relationship between digital capability and SMEs performance. This study considers among first studies addressing these critical relationships in this sector. Therefore, this study determines how leaders determine the ways to achieve improved SMEs performance. Ultimately, this study provides evidence of the importance of digital and innovation capabilities for competitiveness.

References

Aftab, J., Stan, M. R., Srivastava, M., Wei, F., & Abid, N. (2025). The Impact of Digital Leadership on Performance: Examining the Roles of Big Data Analytical Capabilities, Green Innovation, and AI Change Readiness in Italian SMEs. Business Strategy and the Environment. 34(6), 6864–6884. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.4322

Aftab, J., Veneziani, M., Sarwar, H., & Ishaq, M. I. (2022). Organizational ambidexterity, firm performance, and sustainable development: Mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation in Pakistani SMEs. Journal of Cleaner Production, 367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132956

Aini, E. K., Shen, D. C. L., Musadieq, M. Al, & Handayani, S. R. (2013). The role of innovation capability on business performance at small medium enterprises. Profit: jurnal Administrasi Bisnis Universitas Brawijaya, 7(1), 101–112. https://doi.org/10.9876/10.9876/VOL1ISSN1978-743X

Akomea, S. Y., Agyapong, A., Ampah, G., & Osei, H. V. (2023). Entrepreneurial orientation, sustainability practices and performance of small and medium enterprises: evidence from an emerging economy. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 72(9), 2629–2653. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-06-2021-0325

Albannai, N. A., Raziq, M. M., Malik, M., Scott-Kennel, J., & Igoe, J. (2024). Unraveling the role of digital leadership in developing digital dynamic capabilities for the digital transformation of firms. Benchmarking: An International Journal 32(6), 2250–2275. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-10-2023-0756

Ali, G. A., Hilman, H., & Gorondutse, A. H. (2020). Effect of entrepreneurial orientation, market orientation and total quality management on performance: Evidence from Saudi SMEs. Benchmarking, 27(4), 1503–1531. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-08-2019-0391

Ali, H., Hao, Y., & Aijuan, C. (2020). Innovation Capabilities and Small and Medium Enterprises’ Performance: An Exploratory Study. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(10), 959–968. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no10.959

Amelda, B., Alamsjah, F., & Elidjen. (2021). Does the Digital Marketing Capability of Indonesian Banks Align with Digital Leadership and Technology Capabilities on Company Performance? CommIT Journal, 15(1), 9–17. https://doi.org/10.21512/commit.v15i1.6663

Andriani, C., Zona, M. A., & Thaib, I. (2024). Entrepreneurial orientation, business performance, and traditional leadership style. Cogent Business and Management, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2302194

Arabiun, A., Tajpour, M., & Zahedi, M. R. (2024). The effect of digital leadership on the performance of businesses: the mediating role of organizational entrepreneurship. International Journal of Human Capital in Urban Management, 9(1), 17–28. https://doi.org/10.22034/IJHCUM.2024.01.02

Arroyabe, M. F., Arranz, C. F. A., Fernandez De Arroyabe, I., & Fernandez de Arroyabe, J. C. (2024). Analyzing AI adoption in European SMEs: A study of digital capabilities, innovation, and external environment. Technology in Society, 79(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2024.102733

Arshad, M. H., Sulaiman, Y., & Yusr, M. M. (2024). Influence of innovation on the relationship between market orientation, entrepreneurial orientation, and SME performance in Pakistan. Multidisciplinary Science Journal, 6(5), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2024052

Assamala, I. R. E., Li, W., Ashraf, S. F., Syed, N., Di, H., & Nazir, M. (2022). Mediation-Moderation Model: An Empirical Examination of Sustainable Women Entrepreneurial Performance towards Agricultural SMEs in Ivory Coast. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14106368

Astuty, I., & Wahyuningsih, S. H. (2024). Enhancing Sustainability in Small and Medium Enterprises through Performance, and Entrepreneurial Orientation, with Moderating Effects of Environmental Dynamics and Capital Accessibility. E3S Web of Conferences, 571, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202457104002

Baawain, A. M., Laachach, A., Jaboob, A. S., & Kankaew, K. (2025). Uncovering the Catalysts of Sustainable Business Performance: Digital Orientation, Entrepreneurial Competency, and Strategic Change. Business Strategy & Development, 8(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/bsd2.70070

Bekata, A. T., & Kero, C. A. (2025). Modeling the significance of strategic orientation for innovation capabilities and enterprise performance : evidence from Ethiopian SMEs. Cogent Business & Management, 12(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2440122

Benitez, J., Arenas, A., Castillo, A., & Esteves, J. (2022). Impact of digital leadership capability on innovation performance: The role of platform digitization capability. Information & Management, 59(2), 1–51. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2022.103590

Bhatti, S. H., Sumbal, M. S., Ahmed, A., & Golgeci, I. (2024). Digital strategy for firm performance- mediating role of digital platform capabilities and digital culture in manufacturing SMEs. Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 37(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2024.2339379

Borah, P. S., Iqbal, S., & Akhtar, S. (2022). Linking social media usage and SME’s sustainable performance: The role of digital leadership and innovation capabilities. Technology in Society, 68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.101900

Cain, M. K., Zhang, Z., & Yuan, K. H. (2017). Univariate and multivariate skewness and kurtosis for measuring nonnormality: Prevalence, influence and estimation. Behavior Research Methods, 49(5), 1716–1735. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-016-0814-1

Cenamor, J., Parida, V., & Wincent, J. (2019). How entrepreneurial SMEs compete through digital platforms: The roles of digital platform capability, network capability and ambidexterity. Journal of Business Research, 100, 196–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.03.035

Chen, A., Li, L., & Shahid, W. (2024). Digital transformation as the driving force for sustainable business performance: A moderated mediation model of market-driven business model innovation and digital leadership capabilities. Heliyon, 10(8), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29509

Cho, Y. H., & Lee, J.-H. (2018). Entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurial education and performance. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 12(2), 124–134. https://doi.org/10.1108/apjie-05-2018-0028

Colombari, R., Geuna, A., Helper, S., Martins, R., Paolucci, E., Ricci, R., & Seamans, R. (2023). The interplay between data-driven decision-making and digitalization: A firm-level survey of the Italian and U.S. automotive industries. International Journal of Production Economics, 255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2022.108718

Durman, S., Iyiola, K., Alzubi, A. B., & Aljuhmani, H. Y. (2025). Dynamic capabilities in action: digital capability, business model innovation and absorptive capacity. Management Decision, 1–36. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-04-2025-0951

Eisenhardt, K. M., & Martin, J. A. (2000). Dynamic capabilities: What are they? Strategic Management Journal, 21(10–11), 1105–1121. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0266(200010/11)21:10/11<1105::AID-SMJ133>3.0.CO;2-E

Fatima, T., & Masood, A. (2024). Impact of digital leadership on open innovation: a moderating serial mediation model. Journal of Knowledge Management, 28(1), 161–180. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-11-2022-0872

Ferreira, J., Coelho, A., & Moutinho, L. (2020). Dynamic capabilities, creativity and innovation capability and their impact on competitive advantage and firm performance: The moderating role of entrepreneurial orientation. Technovation, 92–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2018.11.004

Garzoni, A., De Turi, I., Secundo, G., & Del Vecchio, P. (2020). Fostering digital transformation of smes: a four levels approach. Management Decision, 58(8), 1543–1562. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-07-2019-0939

Gomes, G., Seman, L. O., Berndt, A. C., & Bogoni, N. (2022). The role of entrepreneurial orientation, organizational learning capability and service innovation in organizational performance. Revista de Gestao, 29(1), 39–54. https://doi.org/10.1108/REGE-11-2020-0103

Guan, J., & Ma, N. (2003). Innovative capability and export performance of Chinese firms. Technovation, 23(9), 737–747. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-4972(02)00013-5

Gunawan, A., Yuniarsih, T., Sobandi, A., & Muhidin, S. A. (2023). Digital Leadership towards Performance Through Mediation of Organizational Commitment to E-commerce in Indonesia. APTISI Transactions on Technopreneurship, 5(1SP), 68–76. https://doi.org/10.34306/att.v5i1Sp.325

Gyamerah, S., Afshari, L., & Asante, D. (2025). Digital transformation in the SME context: The nexus between leadership, digital capabilities and digital strategy. International Small Business Journal, 43(3), 303–328. https://doi.org/10.1177/02662426251314108

Hadjielias, E., Christofi, M., & Tarba, S. (2022). Contextualizing small business resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from small business owner-managers. Small Business Economics, 59(4), 1351–1380. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-021-00588-0

Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., & Ringle, C. M. (2018). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. Journal European Business Review, 31(1), 2–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203

Handayani, A. J., Sugiono, E., Setyawati, I., & Lestari, R. (2026). The influence of digital leadership, digital capabilities, and organizational culture on sustainable digital transformation at the yogyakarta palace. Multidisciplinary Indonesian Center Journal (MICJO), 3(2), 2408–2417. https://doi.org/10.62567/micjo.v3i2.2308

Heaton, S., Siegel, D. S., & Teece, D. J. (2019). Universities and innovation ecosystems : a dynamic capabilities perspective. Industrial and Corporate Change, 28(4), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtz038

Heredia, J., Castillo-Vergara, M., Geldes, C., Carbajal Gamarra, F. M., Flores, A., & Heredia, W. (2022). How do digital capabilities affect firm performance? The mediating role of technological capabilities in the “new normal.” Journal of Innovation and Knowledge, 7(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2022.100171

Hirvonen, J., & Majuri, M. (2020). Digital capabilities in manufacturing SMEs. Procedia Manufacturing, 51, 1283–1289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2020.10.179

Hoang, D. Van, Minh, T. T. K., Toan, N. Q., & Mai, V. T. (2024). Digital capabilities and innovation capabilities in Vietnamese SMEs. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 8(2), 1073–1084. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2023.12.001

Huhtala, J. P., Sihvonen, A., Frösén, J., Jaakkola, M., & Tikkanen, H. (2014). Market orientation, innovation capability and business performance: Insights from the global financial crisis. Baltic Journal of Management, 9(2), 134–152. https://doi.org/10.1108/BJM-03-2013-0044

Hult, G. T. M., Hurley, R. F., & Knight, G. A. (2004). Innovativeness: Its antecedents and impact on business performance. Industrial Marketing Management, 33(5), 429–438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2003.08.015

Huong, P. T., Hoang, D. Van, Minh, T. T. K., & Hien, N. T. (2024). Digital capabilities and SMEs’ performance under technological uncertainty: empirical evidence from an emerging market. International Journal of Innovation and Learning, 36(4), 404–424. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJIL.2024.10061360

Ilyas, G. B., Munir, A. R., & Sobarsyah, M. (2017). Role of strategic leadership, entrepreneurial orientation, and innovation on small and medium enterprises performance. International Journal of Economic Research, 14(15), 61–72.

Isa, M., Nurohman, Y. A., & Qurniawati, R. S. (2024). Innovation capabilities and performance of small and medium-sized enterprises in Indonesia. Acta Commercii, 24(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.4102/ac.v24i1.1242

Isobe, T., Makino, S., & Montgomery, D. B. (2004). Exploitation, Exploration, and Firm Performance: the Case of Small Manufacturing Firms in Japan. 1–35.

Istanto, Y., Sugandini, D., Effendi, M. I., & Arundati, R. (2022). The antecedent and consequences of resistance to social media adoption in SMEs. Jurnal Konseling Dan Pendidikan, 10(1), 53–64. https://doi.org/10.29210/174800

Jiang, X., Yang, Y., Pei, Y. L., & Wang, G. (2016). Entrepreneurial Orientation, Strategic Alliances, and Firm Performance: Inside the Black Box. Long Range Planning, 49(1), 103–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2014.09.003

Jie, H., Gooi, L. M., & Lou, Y. (2025). Digital maturity, dynamic capabilities and innovation performance in high-tech SMEs. International Review of Economics and Finance, 99(6). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2025.103971

Kastelli, I., Dimas, P., Stamopoulos, D., & Tsakanikas, A. (2024). Linking Digital Capacity to Innovation Performance: the Mediating Role of Absorptive Capacity. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 15(1), 238–272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-022-01092-w

Khin, S., & Ho, T. C. F. (2019). Digital technology, digital capability and organizational performance: A mediating role of digital innovation. International Journal of Innovation Science, 11(2), 177–195. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIS-08-2018-0083

Kim, J., & Jin, W. (2024). Impact of digital capabilities on entrepreneurial performance in SMEs. Journal of Innovation and Knowledge, 9(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2024.100609

Kintu, I., & Venter, R. (2019). Core values as drivers of entrepreneurial performance: A study of SMEs in Uganda’s central region. Development Southern Africa, 36(5), 651–665. https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1559041

Komdigi. (2022). Kenaikan jumlah UMKM go online jadi hasil konkret pembahasan transformasi digital di KTT G20. Kementrian komunikasi dan Digital Indonesia. https://www.komdigi.go.id/berita/pengumuman/detail/kenaikan-jumlah-umkm-go-online-jadi-hasil-konkret-pembahasan-transformasi-digital-di-ktt-g20

Kominfo Jatim. (2024). Jatim penyumbang perekonomian terbesar kedua di pulau jawa. Kementrian komunikasi dan Informatika Jawa Timur. https://kominfo.jatimprov.go.id/berita/jatim-penyumbang-perekonomian-terbesar-kedua-di-pulau-jawa

Kominfo Jatim. (2025). Kadin jatim komitmen tingkatkan digitalisasi UMKM. Kementrian komunikasi dan Informatika Jawa Timur. https://kominfo.jatimprov.go.id/berita/kadin-jatim-komitmen-tingkatkan-digitalisasi-umkm

Lathabhavan, R., & Kuppusamy, T. (2024). Examining the role of digital leadership and organisational resilience on the performance of SMEs during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 73(8), 2365–2384. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-02-2023-0069

Lei, J., Indiran, L., & Abdul Kohar, U. H. (2022). The Digital Transformation of SMEs: The Difference between East and West in China. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 12(12), 2509–2527. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v12-i12/15718

Li, L., Tong, Y., Wei, L., & Yang, S. (2022). Digital technology-enabled dynamic capabilities and their impacts on firm performance: Evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic. Information and Management, 59(8), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2022.103689

Lyon, D. W., & Ferrier, W. J. (2016). Enhancing Performance With Product-Market Innovation : The Influence Of The Top Management Team. Journal of Managerial Issues, 14(4), 452–469. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40604404

May, B., Putri, R., & Pujianto, W. E. (2024). Pengaruh Innovation Capabilityterhadap Financial Capability: Resistance To Changesebagai Moderasi. JPTN, 12(1), 106–115. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.26740/jptn.v12n1.p106-115

Muawanah, C. C., & Pujianto, W. E. (2023). Pengaruh Innovation Capability Terhadap Kinerja Individu Yang Dimediasi Oleh Digital Marketing Pada Ud. Bumbu Masak Machmudah (Bmm). Arthavidya Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi, 25(2), 247–260. https://doi.org/10.37303/a.v25i2.479

Muis, I. (2020). Marketing Strategy and Capability as the Mediators in Relationship of Market Orientation and Export Performance: A Case Study of Rattan Processing SMEs. Binus Business Review, 11(1), 31–42. https://doi.org/10.21512/bbr.v11i1.5964

Ngo, Q. H. (2023). The impact of entrepreneurial orientation on SMEs’ performance in a transitional economy: the mediating role of differentiation advantages and innovation capability. Sage Open, 13(4), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231203035

Ocloo, E. C., Coffie, I. S., Bukari, Z., & Bashiru, S. (2024). Digitization of small and medium-size restaurant enterprises: the mediating role of owner/manager IT skill and moderating influence of COVID-19. Cogent Business and Management, 11(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2358549

Odoom, R., & Mensah, P. (2019). Brand orientation and brand performance in SMEs: The moderating effects of social media and innovation capabilities. Management Research Review, 42(1), 155–171. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-12-2017-0441

OECD/Eurostat. (2018). Oslo Manual 2018: Guidelines for Collecting, Reporting and Using Data on Innovation. In The Measurement of Scientific; Technological and Innovation Activities. https://www.oecd.org/science/oslo-manual-2018-9789264304604-en.htm

Ogbeibu, S., Jabbour, C. J. C., Gaskin, J., Senadjki, A., & Hughes, M. (2021). Leveraging STARA competencies and green creativity to boost green organisational innovative evidence: A praxis for sustainable development, Business Strategy and the Environment, 30(5), 2421–2440. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2754

Ok, C., & Ahn, H. S. (2019). How does entrepreneurial orientation influence the sustainable growth of SMEs? The role of relative performance. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(19), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11195178

Oliva, F. L., Semensato, B. I., Prioste, D. B., Winandy, E. J. L., Bution, J. L., Couto, M. H. G., Bottacin, M. A., Mac Lennan, M. L. F., Teberga, P. M. F., Santos, R. F., Singh, S. K., da Silva, S. F., & Massaini, S. A. (2019). Innovation in the main Brazilian business sectors: characteristics, types and comparison of innovation. Journal of Knowledge Management, 23(1), 135–175. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-03-2018-0159

Olsson, A. K., & Bernhard, I. (2021). Keeping up the pace of digitalization in small businesses–Women entrepreneurs’ knowledge and use of social media. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 27(2), 378–396. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-10-2019-0615

Ong, B., Zhe, M., & Hamid, N. A. (2021). The Impact of Digital Technology, Digital Capability and Digital Innovation on Small Business Performance. Research in Management of Technology and Business, 2(1), 499–509. http://publisher.uthm.edu.my/periodicals/index.php/rmtb

Otache, I. (2024). Innovation capability, strategic flexibility and SME performance: the roles of competitive advantage and competitive intensity. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 15(2), 248–262. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJEMS-06-2023-0221

Pandey, J., Majumdarr, S., Hassan, Y., & Benuyenah, V. (2023). Role of Digital Leadership Capability in Shaping IT Innovation: A Digital Agility Perspective. Journal of Global Information Management, 31(8), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.4018/JGIM.333168

Prakasa, Y., & Jumani, Z. A. (2024). Linking digital capability to small business performance: the mediating role of digital business transformation. Cogent Business and Management, 11(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2342486

Prasannath, V., Adhikari, R. P., Gronum, S., & Miles, M. P. (2024). Impact of government support policies on entrepreneurial orientation and SME performance. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 20(3), 1533–1595. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-024-00993-3

Purwati, A. A., Budiyanto, Suhermin, & Hamzah, M. L. (2020). The effect of innovation capability on business performance: the role of social capital and entrepreneurial leadership on smes in indonesia. Accounting, 7(2), 323–330. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ac.2020.11.021

Puwardi, S. F., & Soelaiman, L. (2023). Pengaruh Orientasi Kewirausahaan dan Kepemimpinan Kewirausahaan terhadap Kinerja Usaha UMKM Kuliner di Taman Palem Lestari. Jurnal Manajerial Dan Kewirausahaan, 5(2), 466–473. https://doi.org/10.24912/jmk.v5i2.23417

Qiao, G., Li, Y., & Hong, A. (2024). The Strategic Role of Digital Transformation: Leveraging Digital Leadership to Enhance Employee Performance and Organizational Commitment in the Digital Era. Systems, 12(11), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12110457

Radicic, D., & Petković, S. (2023). Impact of digitalization on technological innovations in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 191, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122474

Raja, E. A. L., Rozaini, Prasetya, B. A., Setiawan, A., & Bachtiar, L. E. (2024). The Effect of Digital Transformation, Digital Leadership, Entrepreneurial Motivation, and Entrepreneurial Interest on MSMEs’’ Business Performance. Journal of Ecohumanism, 3(4), 1759–1770. https://doi.org/10.62754/joe.v3i4.3707

Ramdani, B., Raja, S., & Kayumova, M. (2022). Digital innovation in SMEs: a systematic review, synthesis and research agenda. Information Technology for Development, 28(1), 56–80. https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2021.1893148

Mahmood, R., & Hanafi, N. (2013). Entrepreneurial orientation and business performance of women-owned small and medium enterprises in Malaysia: Competitive advantage as a mediator. International Journal of Business and social science, 4(1), 82–90.

Rosyidi, L. N., Mudzakkir, M. F., Lailiyah, I. N., & Indrio, L. W. (2023). Innovation job performance in industrial context: the role of perceived oforganizational support for creativity and climate of innovation toward employee learning orientation. Jurnal Ekonomi Modernisasi, 19(3), 159–172. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21067/jem.v19i3.9833

Rumanti, A. A., Rizana, A. F., Septiningrum, L., Reynaldo, R., & Isnaini, M. M. R. (2022). Innovation capability and open innovation for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) performance: Response in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic. Sustainability, 14(10), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14105874

Sariwulan, T., Suparno, S., Disman, D., Ahman, E., & Suwatno, S. (2020). Entrepreneurial Performance: The Role of Literacy and Skills. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(11), 269–280. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no11.269

Senadjki, A., Au Yong, H. N., Ganapathy, T., & Ogbeibu, S. (2024). Unlocking the potential: the impact of digital leadership on firms’ performance through digital transformation. Journal of Business and Socio-Economic Development, 4(2), 161–177. https://doi.org/10.1108/jbsed-06-2023-0050

Sepúlveda, I. C. Q., & Collazos, A. Z. (2023). Innovation capabilities, innovation strategies and performance: an empirical analysis in SMEs. Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 37(1), 10–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2023.2280523

Shan, P., Song, M., & Ju, X. (2016). Entrepreneurial orientation and performance: Is innovation speed a missing link? Journal of Business Research, 69(2), 683–690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.08.032

Shen, L., Zhang, X., & Liu, H. (2021). Digital technology adoption, digital dynamic capability, and digital transformation performance of textile industry: Moderating role of digital innovation orientation. Managerial and Decision Economics, 43(6), 2038–2054. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/mde.3507

Singh, S. K., Gupta, S., Busso, D., & Kamboj, S. (2021). Top management knowledge value, knowledge sharing practices, open innovation and organizational performance. Journal of Business Research, 128(3), 788–798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.04.040

Sousa-Zomer, T. T., Neely, A., & Martinez, V. (2020). Digital transforming capability and performance: a microfoundational perspective. International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 40(7–8), 1095–1128. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOPM-06-2019-0444

Suder, M., Kusa, R., Duda, J., & Karpacz, J. (2024). Exploring impact of entrepreneurial orientation on firm performance – moderators’ variability under changing market conditions. Review of Managerial Science, 19, 797–842. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-024-00775-9

Stock, D. M., & Erpf, P. (2023). Systematic literature review on entrepreneurial orientation in nonprofit organizations–Far more than business‐like behavior. Journal of Philanthropy and Marketing, 28(4), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1002/nvsm.1753

Susanto, P., Hoque, M. E., Shah, N. U., Candra, A. H., Hashim, N. M. H. N., & Abdullah, N. L. (2023). Entrepreneurial orientation and performance of SMEs: the roles of marketing capabilities and social media usage. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 15(2), 379–403. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEEE-03-2021-0090

Taleb, T. S., Hashim, N., & Zakaria, N. (2023). Mediating effect of innovation capability between entrepreneurial resources and micro business performance. The Bottom Line Managing Library Finances, 36(1), 77–100. https://doi.org/10.1108/BL-07-2022-0112

Teece, D. J. (2023). The Evolution of the Dynamic Capabilities Framework. In FGF Studies in Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 113–129. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11371-0_6

Teece, D. J., Pisano, G., & Shuen, A. (1997). Dynamic Capabilities And Strategic Management. Strategic Management Journal, 18(7), 509–533. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3088148

Tigre, F. B., Curado, C., & Henriques, P. L. (2023). Digital Leadership: A Bibliometric Analysis. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 30(1), 40–70. https://doi.org/10.1177/15480518221123132

Tobing, D. S. K., Fathorazz, M., & Wulandari, G. A. (2018). Mapping the competitive advantage of SMEs in East Java, Indonesia. JDM (Jurnal Dinamika Manajemen), 9(1), 23–32. https://doi.org/10.15294/jdm.v9i1.14649

Troise, C., Corvello, V., Ghobadian, A., & O’Regan, N. (2022). How can SMEs successfully navigate VUCA environment: The role of agility in the digital transformation era. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 174(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121227

Vărzaru, A. A., & Bocean, C. G. (2024). Digital Transformation and Innovation: The Influence of Digital Technologies on Turnover from Innovation Activities and Types of Innovation. Systems, 12(9), 359. https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/12/9/359

Wales, W. J., Kraus, S., Filser, M., Stöckmann, C., & Covin, J. G. (2021). The status quo of research on entrepreneurial orientation: Conversational landmarks and theoretical scaffolding. Journal of Business Research, 128, 564–577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.10.046

Wales, W., Monsen, E., & Mckelvie, A. (2011). The organizational pervasiveness of entrepreneurial orientation. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 35(5), 895–923. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2011.00451.x

Wang, S., & Zhang, H. (2025). Digital transformation and innovation performance in small-and medium-sized enterprises: A systems perspective on the interplay of digital adoption, digital drive, and digital culture. Systems, 13(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13010043

Wang, X., Han, G., Wu, K., He, J., Ma, X., Zhou, Q., & Chen, X. (2024). Digital Capabilities and Ambidextrous Innovation: Evidence from Chinese Technology-Based SMEs. Sustainability (Switzerland), 16(23), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310611

Wardaya, A., Sasmoko, So, I. G., & Bandur, A. (2019). Mediating effects of digital technology on entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance: Evidence from small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, 8(5), 692–696. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.E1098.0585C19

Wardman, J. K. (2020). Recalibrating pandemic risk leadership: Thirteen crisis ready strategies for COVID-19. Journal of Risk Research, 23(7–8), 1092–1120. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2020.1842989

Winanti, M. B. (2021). How is the role of Digital Leadership and Knowledge Sharing on Performance? An Empirical Study on SMEs in Bandung West Java. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.29099/ijair.v6i1.296

Wu, M. J., Zhao, K., & Fils-Aime, F. (2022). Response rates of online surveys in published research: A meta-analysis. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 7(2), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2022.100206

Wu, S., Luo, Y., Zhang, H., & Cheng, P. (2024). Entrepreneurial bricolage and entrepreneurial performance: The role of business model innovation and market orientation. Heliyon, 10(4), 1–17. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26600

Xiao, H., Yang, Z., & Hu, Y. (2021). Influencing mechanism of strategic flexibility on corporate performance: the mediating role of business model innovation. Asia Pacific Business Review, 27(3), 470–492. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602381.2021.1896256

Xie, C., Xu, X., Gong, Y., & Xiong, J. (2022). Big Data Analytics Capability and Business Alignment for Organizational Agility. Journal of Global Information Management, 30(1), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.4018/jgim.302915

Yadav, U. S., Vyas, S., Kanchan, Ghosal, I., & yadav, A. K. (2024). Impact of entrepreneurial leadership, Social media, digital technology, Entrepreneurial orientation and innovation on business performance in the handicraft sector: Talent management as mediating construct. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-024-00434-z

Yu, J., Wang, J., & Moon, T. (2022). Influence of digital transformation capability on operational performance. Sustainability, 14(13). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14137909

Zahoor, N., Zopiatis, A., Adomako, S., & Lamprinakos, G. (2023). The micro-foundations of digitally transforming SMEs: How digital literacy and technology interact with managerial attributes. Journal of Business Research, 159(6), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113755

Zeike, S., Bradbury, K., Lindert, L., & Pfaff, H. (2019). Digital leadership skills and associations with psychological well-being. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(14), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142628

Zhang, M., Chen, X., Xie, H., Esposito, L., Parziale, A., Taneja, S., & Siraj, A. (2024). Top of tide: Nexus between organization agility, digital capability and top management support in SME digital transformation. Heliyon, 10(10), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31579

Downloads

Published

2026-04-30

How to Cite

Mudzakkir, M. F., Pujianto, W. E., Al-Mekhlafi, A.-B. A., Fernandez, D., & Paraswati, A. D. (2026). Modelling digital capability as a game changer to enhance SME’s performance. BISMA (Bisnis Dan Manajemen), 18(2), 252–281. https://doi.org/10.26740/bisma.v18n2.p252-281

Issue

Section

Articles
Abstract views: 0 , PDF Downloads: 0

Similar Articles

1 2 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.