An emission and weight of vehicles-based road traffic congestion pricing system and control with consideration of investment worthiness

Authors

  • Johnson Adeiza Obari Department of Computer Engineering, Federal University Lokoja, Lokoja, Nigeria
  • Salawudeen Tijani A Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
  • Idakwo Monday A Department of Computer Engineering, Federal University Lokoja, Lokoja, Nigeria
  • Adebiyi Busayo H 1Department of Computer Engineering, Federal University Lokoja, Lokoja, Nigeria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26740/vubeta.v2i3.38528

Keywords:

Congestion pricing, Fuzzy logic, Vehicle’s weight, CO2 Emission, Return on investment (RoI)

Abstract

This work presents a knowledge-based approach to traffic congestion pricing system and control. The road traffic congestion has attracted different intelligent contributions which have addressed many real-time traffic scenarios at a toll point unlike the flat toll system that renders parallel toll for every traffic condition. However, existing works on dynamic traffic congestion pricing systems focus entirely on the traffic parameters without taking cognizance of the impacts of the weight of vehicles on the road. More so, despite the numerous health hazards associated with air pollution from vehicle exhaust during traffic peak hour, effects of emission have not been conceived as pivotal input to be circumvented in road toll design. Therefore, a fuzzy logic-based approach to dynamic traffic congestion pricing problems in a 1*2 traffic scenario comprising of a fast lane and a slow lane, is presented. The inputs to the fuzzy inference system are the weights of vehicles, the rate of carbon dioxide emission, and the traffic density on the toll lane; while the output is the congestion price. Simulations results indicate the qualitative robustness of this approach in handling the inherent nonlinear nature of road pricing problems. Investors and traffic management systems can rely on the simplicity, reduced computation cost, reduced health hazards and the justified investment worthiness on road and toll facilities.

Author Biographies

Johnson Adeiza Obari, Department of Computer Engineering, Federal University Lokoja, Lokoja, Nigeria

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Obari Johnson A.    is a lecturer at the Department of Computer Engineering of the Federal University Lokoja, Nigeria. He obtained a BEng. in Electrical Engineering and MSc. in Control Engineering from Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. He is presently pursuing his PhD degree in Computer Engineering at the Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria. His main research interests are computational intelligence, control engineering, power system control & management, and artificial intelligence. He can be contacted by email through this address: johnson.obari@fulokoja.edu.ng

Salawudeen Tijani A, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria

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Salawudeen Tijani A.    is a lecturer at the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering in the University of Jos, Nigeria. He obtained a BEng. in Electrical Engineering, an MSc. in Control Engineering, and a PhD in Control Engineering from Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. He had his postdoctoral fellowship at the Institute for Automation of Complex Power Systems at RWTH Aachen University, Germany, between 2022 and 2024 through the Alexander von Humboldt postdoctoral fellowship. His main research interests are control systems, microgrid systems, renewable energy systems, and optimization techniques for power system operation and planning. He can be reached through this email address-  atsalawudeen@unijos.edu.ng.

Idakwo Monday A, Department of Computer Engineering, Federal University Lokoja, Lokoja, Nigeria

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Idakwo Monday A.    is a lecturer at the Department of Computer Engineering of the  Federal University Lokoja, Nigeria. He obtained a BEng. in Computer Engineering at the Caritas University, Enugu, Nigeria, an MSc. and a PhD in Computer Engineering from the Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. He is presently the research lead personnel of the Department of Computer Engineering, Federal University, Lokoja and he holds key positions in some central committees of the university. His main research interests are wireless sensor networks, big data, machine learning, and digital image processing. He can be contacted by email through this email address- monday.idakwo@fulokoja.edu.ng.

Adebiyi Busayo H, 1Department of Computer Engineering, Federal University Lokoja, Lokoja, Nigeria

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Adebiyi Busayo H.    is a lecturer at the Department of Computer Engineering of the Federal University Lokoja, Nigeria. He holds two bachelor's degrees: one in Physics and the other in Electrical and Electronics Engineering. He obtained an MSc. in Control Engineering from Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, where he is pursuing his PhD. He is a member of IEEE; he is a member of the Nigerian Society of Engineers (NSE) and he is a licensed engineer. His main research interests are control and autonomous systems, deep learning, reinforcement learning, and optimization techniques. He can be contacted by email through this email address-busayo.adebiyi@fulokoja.edu.ng.

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2025-08-20

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[1]
J. A. Obari, S. Tijani A, I. Monday A, and A. Busayo H, “An emission and weight of vehicles-based road traffic congestion pricing system and control with consideration of investment worthiness”, Vokasi Unesa Bull. Eng. Technol. Appl. Sci., vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 401–411, Aug. 2025.

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Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025)

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Copyright (c) 2025 Johnson Adeiza Obari, Salawudeen Tijani A, Idakwo Monday A, Adebiyi Busayo H

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