Antidiabetic Effect of Abelmoschus esculentus L. On Alloxan-Induced Type 1 Diabetic Mice

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus type 1 is a metabolic condition characterized by inadequate regulation of glucose, fats, and proteins as a result of insufficient insulin levels. Insulin helps tissue in glucose uptake for energy and fat synthesis. This study investigated the chemical compounds in the 96% ethanol extract of (Abelmoschus esculentus pods, evaluated its effects on fasting blood glucose levels, and examined its impact on the pancreatic histology of male diabetic mice (Mus musculus L.) induced with alloxan. Twenty five mice were divided into five groups: K(-) (negative control with distilled water), K(+) (positive control with metformin), A. esculentus extract treatments, namely 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg bw (P1, P2, P3 respectively). Results showed that A. esculentus extract contains flavonoid and alkaloid, the predominant active compound identified was 2(1H)-Pyridinone, Hydrazone, Dihydrochloride (CAS). The extract has potential as an antidiabetic agent in hyperglycemic-induced mice, demonstrated by its ability to lower blood glucose levels, increase body weight, and improve the pancreatic histological structure of the Langerhans islet. The dose of 300 mg/kg bw showed the best effectiveness in improving the histological structure of the pancreas, while dose of 400 mg/kg bw provided a reduction in blood glucose levels that was closest to normal.