Correction and Retraction

JP2KG AUD is committed to maintaining the accuracy, transparency, and integrity of the scholarly record. The journal recognizes that errors or concerns may occasionally be identified after an article has been published. Such matters will be addressed promptly, fairly, and transparently, in accordance with established publication ethics principles.

This policy applies to all articles published in JP2KG AUD and covers corrections, expressions of concern, and retractions.

  1. Corrections

A correction may be issued when an error is identified in a published article and the error can be rectified without invalidating the overall findings or conclusions.

Corrections may address, but are not limited to:

  • Errors in author names, affiliations, or other publication metadata.
  • Typographical, grammatical, or formatting errors that materially affect clarity or interpretation.
  • Errors in tables, figures, labels, or numerical values that do not invalidate the principal findings.
  • Inaccuracies in references, acknowledgments, funding statements, or conflict-of-interest declarations.
  • Other factual or reporting errors that require formal clarification.

Requests for correction may be submitted by authors, readers, editors, or other parties with relevant evidence. The editorial team will assess the nature and significance of the reported error before deciding whether a formal correction is necessary.

When a correction is approved, JP2KG AUD will publish a correction notice that identifies the original article, describes the error, and specifies the amendment made. The correction notice will be linked to the original article to maintain transparency and traceability.

The original article will generally remain accessible as part of the scholarly record, with an appropriate notice or link to the correction.

  1. Expressions of Concern

JP2KG AUD may issue an Expression of Concern when credible concerns arise regarding the reliability, validity, or ethical integrity of a published article, but the available evidence is insufficient to reach a definitive conclusion.

An expression of concern may be considered when:

  1. An investigation into potential research misconduct is ongoing.
  2. Questions have been raised about the reliability of data, analyses, or findings.
  3. Concerns regarding research ethics or participant protection require further clarification.
  4. Other unresolved issues may affect readers' interpretation of the published work.

An expression of concern is intended to inform readers while the matter is being assessed. It does not, by itself, constitute a finding of misconduct.

The notice will identify the article concerned and explain the nature of the issue to the extent permitted by confidentiality, legal requirements, and the available evidence.

JP2KG AUD will review the status of the concern as further information becomes available and determine whether additional action, including correction or retraction, is necessary.

  1. Retractions

A retraction may be issued when a published article is found to be sufficiently unreliable or ethically compromised that its continued presentation as part of the reliable scholarly record would be misleading.

Grounds for retraction may include:

  • Fabrication or falsification of research data or results.
  • Plagiarism or substantial unattributed reproduction of another person's work.
  • Serious methodological or analytical errors that invalidate the principal findings or conclusions.
  • Unethical research practices, including serious violations of applicable research ethics requirements.
  • Duplicate or redundant publication that substantially compromises the integrity of the publication record.
  • Improper manipulation of images, figures, or other research evidence.
  • Other serious breaches of research or publication ethics that materially undermine the reliability or integrity of the article.

Retraction may be considered regardless of whether the problem resulted from intentional misconduct, honest error, or other circumstances. The decision will be based on the evidence and the extent to which the article's reliability or ethical integrity has been compromised.

Retraction is intended to correct the scholarly record, not to punish authors.

  1. Retraction Procedure

When a potential ground for retraction is identified, JP2KG AUD will assess the available evidence and follow an appropriate editorial process.

The process may include:

  • Reviewing the concern and the supporting evidence.
  • Contacting the corresponding author to request an explanation or relevant documentation.
  • Seeking independent expert advice or consulting the relevant institution when necessary.
  • Assessing the implications for the validity, reliability, and ethical integrity of the published article.
  • Determining whether a correction, expression of concern, or retraction is appropriate.
  • Communicating the decision to the relevant parties, subject to applicable confidentiality and legal requirements.

Authors will normally be given a reasonable opportunity to respond. However, the journal may take appropriate action to protect the scholarly record when warranted, even if the authors do not respond.

A retraction decision does not require unanimous agreement among the authors. The journal will document the basis for its decision and may seek institutional guidance when appropriate.

  1. Publication of Retraction Notices

When an article is retracted, JP2KG AUD will publish a clearly identifiable retraction notice that:

  1. Identifies the retracted article and provides its bibliographic details and DOI, where available.
  2. Explains the reason for retraction in a clear and factual manner.
  3. Distinguishes the established facts from unresolved allegations, where relevant.
  4. Identifies the party initiating the retraction, where appropriate and permissible.
  5. Provides a direct link between the retraction notice and the original article.

Retracted articles will generally remain accessible to preserve the scholarly record but will be clearly marked as retracted. The retraction notice will remain publicly accessible and linked to the original article.

The journal will update relevant publication metadata and indexing records where technically and institutionally possible.

  1. Responsibilities of Authors

Authors are responsible for the accuracy and integrity of their published work. If they discover a significant error or potential ethical problem in an article they have published in JP2KG AUD, they should notify the editorial office promptly and provide sufficient information to assess the issue.

Authors are expected to cooperate with reasonable requests for clarification, supporting data, documentation, or corrections.

Authors may request a correction or retraction, but the final editorial decision rests with JP2KG AUD following an appropriate assessment.

  1. Responsibilities of Editors

The editorial team is responsible for evaluating reported concerns impartially and taking appropriate action to protect the integrity of the scholarly record.

Editors will:

  • Assess concerns based on evidence rather than unsupported allegations.
  • Treat authors and other involved parties fairly.
  • Maintain confidentiality during investigations, subject to applicable obligations.
  • Seek independent advice or institutional assistance when necessary.
  • Document editorial decisions and provide clear explanations for formal notices.
  • Avoid unnecessary delays when the reliability or ethical integrity of a published article is in question.

Editors with relevant conflicts of interest must not manage cases in which their impartiality may reasonably be questioned.

  1. Reporting Errors and Ethical Concerns

Readers, researchers, authors, reviewers, and other interested parties may report potential errors or publication ethics concerns to the JP2KG AUD editorial office through the journal's official website.

Reports should identify the article concerned, describe the issue clearly, and include supporting evidence or documentation where available.

The journal will assess reports in accordance with this policy and its broader publication ethics procedures. Submitting a concern does not automatically result in a correction, expression of concern, or retraction.

  1. Relationship with Other Publication Ethics Policies

This policy should be read together with the JP2KG AUD policies on plagiarism, conflicts of interest, post-publication discussion, research ethics, and the use of artificial intelligence.

Concerns involving suspected research misconduct, inappropriate AI-generated content, or undisclosed conflicts of interest may require additional assessment under the relevant policies.

  1. Commitment to the Integrity of the Scholarly Record

JP2KG AUD is committed to maintaining a reliable, transparent, and accountable scholarly record. Corrections, expressions of concern, and retractions will be issued when justified by the evidence and necessary to preserve the integrity of published research.

All cases will be handled consistently, fairly, and in accordance with applicable publication ethics standards.