An exploration of ethnic entrepreneurial values and characteristics in MSEs
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26740/bisma.v13n2.p148-162Keywords:
ethnic entrepreneurial characteristics, ethnic entrepreneurial values, MSEs.Abstract
Entrepreneurship is one aspect that can encourage economic growth in a country through the creation of goods and services, it can improve the welfare of society. However, the survival of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) is still lower. Even though the number of MSEs in Indonesia has increased, the failure elevates. Variables that can increase the success of MSEs include the values and characteristics of the entrepreneur. This paper explores the entrepreneurial values and characteristics of Chinese, Javanese, and Madurese ethics in MSEs. This study uses a case study approach by using in-depth interviews to explore detailed information. The data source is primary data with six informants from three different ethnicities (Chinese, Javanese, and Madurese). The results demonstrate that Indonesian Chinese entrepreneurs uphold values and dominant perseverance, hard work, guanxi, honesty, personal trust, and confucianism values. Meanwhile, Javanese entrepreneur implements family values, spirituality, innate, paternalism, creativity, deliberation, and harmony. Finally, Madurese entrepreneur emphasizes obedience/surrender to parents, fraternity, and natural behaviour.
References
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Entrialgo, M., Fernández, E., & Vázquez, C. J. (2000). Psychological Characteristics and Process: The Role of Entrepreneurship in Spanish SMEs. European Journal of Innovation Management, 3(3), 137149. https://doi.org/10.1108/14601060010334894.
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Rademakers, M. F. L. (1998). Market Organisation in Indonesia: Javanese and Chinese Family Business in the Jamu Industry. Organization Studies, 19(6), 10051027. https://doi.org/10.1177/017084069801900605.
Rahmasari, D. & Mahajudin, M. (2017). Protective Factors Determine Resilience in Madurese Ethnic Adolescent. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention, 6(4), 4855. http://www.ijhssi.org/v6i4(version%202).html.
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Reijonen, H. & Komppula, R. (2007). Perception of Success and its Effect on Small Firm Performance. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 14(4), 689701. https://doi.org/10.1108/14626000710832776.
Robbins, S. P. & Judge, T. A. (2017). Organizational Behavior, Seventeenth Edition, Global Edition. Pearson Education Limited. https://www.pearson.com/us/higher-education/product/Robbins-Organizational-Behavior-17th-Edition/9780134103983.html.
Rohmah, A. N., Widodo, J., & Djaja, S. (2017). Perilaku Wirausaha Pedagang Etnis Cina di Jalan Samanhudi Kabupaten Jember. Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, Ilmu Ekonomi Dan Ilmu Sosial, 11(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.19184/jpe.v11i1.4990.
Samudji, S., Haryono, A., & Sofyan, A. (2017). The Values of Nationalism and Behavioral Conducts in Madurese Local Wisdom (MLW). The International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention, 4(9), 40014012 https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsshi/v4i9.17.
Schermerhorn & Bachrach. (2015). Introduction to Management (13th Edition). United State: John Wiley & Sons.
Suryadinata. (1997). Ethnic Chinese as Southeast Asians (1st Edition). Singapore: Institute of Southest Asian Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-07635-9.
Syam. (2018). Keberagaman Suku Bangsa di Jawa Timur Perekat Bangsa. Retrieved December 13 2020 from https://wartawisata.id/2018/06/17/keberagaman-suku-bangsa-di-jawa-timur-perekat-bangsa/.
Taormina, R. J. & Sammi, K. M. L. (2007). Measuring Chinese Entrepreneurial Motivation: Personality and Environmental Influences. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 13(4), 200221. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552550710759997.
Wijaya, T., Nurhadi, N., & M. Kuncoro, A. (2017). Exploring the Problems Faced by Practitioners of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) In Yogyakarta. Jurnal Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan, 19(1), 3845. https://doi.org/10.9744/jmk.19.1.38-45.
Zahra, S. A., Nielsen, A. P., & Bogner, W. C. (1999). Corporate Entrepreneurship, Knowledge, and Competency Development. Entrepreneurship and Practice, 23(3), 169189. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879902300310.
Anggadwita, G. & Mustafid, Q. Y. (2014). Identification of Factors Influencing the Performance of Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 115, 415423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.02.448.
BPS. (2018). Laporan Perekonomian Indonesia 2018. Retrieved December 15 2020 from https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2018/09/17/bae4f1fa633a50bac480775b/laporan-perekonomian-indonesia-2018.html.
Bygrave, W. D. & Hofer, C. W. (1992). Theorizing about Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 16(2), 1322. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879201600203.
Cassar, G. & Gibson, B. (2007). Forecast Rationality in Small Firms. Journal of Small Business Management, 45(3), 283302. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2007.00213.x.
Chell, E., Wicklander D. E., Sturman S. G., & Hoover L. W. (2008). The Entrepreneurial Personality: A Social Construction: Second Edition. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203938638.
Efferin, S. & Hopper, T. (2007). Management Control, Culture, and Ethnicity in a Chinese Indonesian Company. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 32(3), 223262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2006.03.009.
Entrialgo, M., Fernández, E., & Vázquez, C. J. (2000). Psychological Characteristics and Process: The Role of Entrepreneurship in Spanish SMEs. European Journal of Innovation Management, 3(3), 137149. https://doi.org/10.1108/14601060010334894.
Feather, N. T. (1995). Values, Valences, and Choice: The Influence of Values on the Perceived Attractiveness and Choice of Alternatives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68(6), 11351151. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.68.6.1135.
Fei, F. C. (Ed.). (1999). Chinese Theories of Theater and Performance from Confucius to the Present. Michigan: University of Michigan Press. https://www.press.umich.edu//16388.
Halisa, M., Ozsabuncuoglub, I. H., & Ozsagirb, A. (2007). The Values of Entrepreneurship and Factors That Effect Entrepreneurship: Findings from Anatolia. Serbian Journal of Management, 2(1), 2134. http://www.sjm06.com/SJM%20ISSN1452-4864/2_1_2007_May_1-99/2_1_21-34.pdf.
Handaru, A. W., Pagita, M. P., & Parimita, W. (2015). Karakteristik Entrepreneur melalui Multiple Diskriminan Analisis (Studi pada Etnis Tionghoa, Jawa dan Minang d Bekasi Utara). JRMSI - Jurnal Riset Manajemen Sains Indonesia, 6(1), 351. https://doi.org/10.21009/jrmsi.006.1.02.
Hwang, D. B., Golemon, P. L., Chen, Y., Wang, T. S., & Hung, W. S. (2009). Guanxi and Business Ethics in Confucian Society Today: An Empirical Case Study in Taiwan. Journal of Business Ethics, 89(2), 235250. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9996-5.
Kemenkopukm (2020). Perkembangan Data UMKM dan UB. Retrieved December 15 2020 from https://www.kemenkopukm.go.id/data-umkm.
Malovics, É., Farkas, G., & Vajda, B. (2015). Appearance of Entrepreneurial Values and Strategic Orientations in the Basic Values. International Journal of Business and Management, III(1), 1835. https://doi.org/10.20472/bm.2015.3.1.002.
McClelland, J. L. (1976). Preliminary Letter Identification in the Perception of Words and Nonwords. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2(1), 8091. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.2.1.80.
McGrath, R. G., MacMillan, I. C., & Scheinberg, S. (1992). Elitists, Risk-Takers, and Rugged Individualists? An Exploratory Analysis of Cultural Differences between Entrepreneurs and Non-Entrepreneurs. Journal of Business Venturing, 7(2), 115135. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(92)90008-F.
Mgeni, Othumary T. (2015). Impact of Entrepreneurial Leadership Style on Business Performance of SMEs in Tanzania. Journal of Entrepreneurship & Organization Management, 04(2), 7177. https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-026X.1000142.
Moynihan, J. A., Ader, R., Grota, L. J., Schachtman, T. R., Cohen, N. (1990). The Effects of Stress on the Development of Immunological Memory following Low-Dose Antigen Priming in Mice. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 4(1), 112. https://doi.org/10.1016/0889-1591(90)90001-7.
Mueller, S. L., Thomas, A. S., & Jaeger, A. M. (2002). National Entrepreneurial Potential: The Role of Culture, Economic Development, and Political History. Advances in Comparative International Management, 14, 221257. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0747-7929(02)14037-6.
OJK. (2008). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 20 Tahun 2008 Tentang Usaha Mikro, Kecil, Dan Menengah. Retrieved 20 April 2020 from https://www.ojk.go.id/sustainable-finance/id/peraturan/undang-undang/Documents/Undang-Undang%20Nomor%2020%20Tahun%202008%20Tentang%20Usaha%20Mikro,%20Kecil,%20dan%20Menengah.pdf.
Olaison, L. & Sørensen, B. M. (2014). The Abject of Entrepreneurship: Failure, Fiasco, Fraud. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 20(2), 193211. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-09-2013-0143.
Rademakers, M. F. L. (1998). Market Organisation in Indonesia: Javanese and Chinese Family Business in the Jamu Industry. Organization Studies, 19(6), 10051027. https://doi.org/10.1177/017084069801900605.
Rahmasari, D. & Mahajudin, M. (2017). Protective Factors Determine Resilience in Madurese Ethnic Adolescent. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention, 6(4), 4855. http://www.ijhssi.org/v6i4(version%202).html.
Redding, G. & Micheel A, W. (2007). The Future of Chinese Capitalism: Choices and Chances (First Edit). Oxfors University Press. https://www.amazon.com/Future-Chinese-Capitalism-Gordon-Redding/dp/0199218137.
Reijonen, H. & Komppula, R. (2007). Perception of Success and its Effect on Small Firm Performance. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 14(4), 689701. https://doi.org/10.1108/14626000710832776.
Robbins, S. P. & Judge, T. A. (2017). Organizational Behavior, Seventeenth Edition, Global Edition. Pearson Education Limited. https://www.pearson.com/us/higher-education/product/Robbins-Organizational-Behavior-17th-Edition/9780134103983.html.
Rohmah, A. N., Widodo, J., & Djaja, S. (2017). Perilaku Wirausaha Pedagang Etnis Cina di Jalan Samanhudi Kabupaten Jember. Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, Ilmu Ekonomi Dan Ilmu Sosial, 11(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.19184/jpe.v11i1.4990.
Samudji, S., Haryono, A., & Sofyan, A. (2017). The Values of Nationalism and Behavioral Conducts in Madurese Local Wisdom (MLW). The International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention, 4(9), 40014012 https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsshi/v4i9.17.
Schermerhorn & Bachrach. (2015). Introduction to Management (13th Edition). United State: John Wiley & Sons.
Suryadinata. (1997). Ethnic Chinese as Southeast Asians (1st Edition). Singapore: Institute of Southest Asian Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-07635-9.
Syam. (2018). Keberagaman Suku Bangsa di Jawa Timur Perekat Bangsa. Retrieved December 13 2020 from https://wartawisata.id/2018/06/17/keberagaman-suku-bangsa-di-jawa-timur-perekat-bangsa/.
Taormina, R. J. & Sammi, K. M. L. (2007). Measuring Chinese Entrepreneurial Motivation: Personality and Environmental Influences. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 13(4), 200221. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552550710759997.
Wijaya, T., Nurhadi, N., & M. Kuncoro, A. (2017). Exploring the Problems Faced by Practitioners of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) In Yogyakarta. Jurnal Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan, 19(1), 3845. https://doi.org/10.9744/jmk.19.1.38-45.
Zahra, S. A., Nielsen, A. P., & Bogner, W. C. (1999). Corporate Entrepreneurship, Knowledge, and Competency Development. Entrepreneurship and Practice, 23(3), 169189. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879902300310.
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2021-04-30
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Tandelilin, E., Ratmawati, D., & Agustina, T. S. (2021). An exploration of ethnic entrepreneurial values and characteristics in MSEs. BISMA (Bisnis Dan Manajemen), 13(2), 148–162. https://doi.org/10.26740/bisma.v13n2.p148-162
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