Design of Bidirectional DC-DC Converter for Photovoltaic Charging System

Authors

  • Muhammad Farhan Rizky Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
  • Muhammad Syahril Mubarok Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia, Indonesia
  • Herlambang Setiadi School of Electrical Engineering, Telkom University, Bandung, Indonesia
  • Nur Vidia Laksmi B. Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Vocational Studies, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26740/vubeta.v1i3.35685

Keywords:

Photovoltaic System, Bidirectional Converter, Battery Charging System, PI Controller

Abstract

This paper proposes a bidirectional DC-DC converter designed for photovoltaic charging systems. The converter aims to efficiently charge batteries while maintaining stable DC voltage and current output. It can convert DC power from solar panels to charge the battery and deliver DC power from the battery to the connected DC bus. The control method for the converter utilizes PI control to achieve a constant output current and voltage. The simulations were conducted using MATLAB/Simulink software, optimizing the converter’s topology, parameters, and controls according to the requirements of the PV charging system. Simulations validated the converter’s performance under various conditions, including input power fluctuations caused by changes in sunlight intensity. The results demonstrate that the bidirectional DC-DC converter effectively operates in charging and discharging modes, maintaining a stable 24V voltage in the DC bus and providing optimal charging performance for the battery.

Author Biographies

Muhammad Farhan Rizky, Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

Muhammad Farhan Rizky  received his B.Eng degree in electrical engineering from Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia. His research interests include power electronics and control systems.

Muhammad Syahril Mubarok, Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia, Indonesia

Muhammad Syahril Mubarok  received the M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, in 2018 and 2023, respectively. He is currently is a Lecturer with Electrical Engineering study program, Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia. His research interests include power electronics, electric drives, and control applications.

Herlambang Setiadi, School of Electrical Engineering, Telkom University, Bandung, Indonesia

Herlambang Setiadi  received the bachelor degree in power system engineering from Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia, in 2014, the master’s degree in electrical power and control engineering from Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, U.K., in 2015, and the Ph.D. degree from The University of Queensland, in 2019. Currently, he is a lecturer in the School of Electrical Engineering, Telkom University, Bandung, Indonesia His research interests include power system dynamics and control, renewable energy integration, and metaheuristic algorithms.

Nur Vidia Laksmi B., Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Vocational Studies, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia

Nur Vidia Laksmi B.      received her B.A.Sc. degree from the Electronic Engineering Polytechnic Institute of Surabaya, Indonesia, in 2015 and her M.Sc. degree from the Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (NTUST), Taiwan, in 2018. Currently, she is a lecturer in the Faculty of Vocational Studies, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia. Her research interests include power electronics, motor drives, and the application of control theories.

References

[1] P. Moriarty and D. Honnery, “Renewable energy in an increasingly uncertain future,” Appl. Sci., vol. 13, no. 1, p. 388, 2022.https://doi.org/10.3390/app13010388

[2] A. Androniceanu and O. M. Sabie, “Overview of green energy as a real strategic option for sustainable development,” Energies, vol. 15, no. 22, p. 8573, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15228573

[3] C. Yang, Z. Lin, J. Li, and C. Chen, “Sustainability and challenges of renewable energy in ASEAN countries: Insights from the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework,” Environ. Dev., vol. 54, p. 101145, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101145

[4] T. Rahman, M. S. H. Lipu, M. M. A. Shovon, I. Alsaduni, T. F. Karim, and S. Ansari, “Unveiling the impacts of climate change on the resilience of renewable energy and power systems: Factors, technological advancements, policies, challenges, and solutions,” J. Clean. Prod., vol. 493, p. 144933, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.144933

[5] Y.-C. Tsao, I. G. A. Banyupramesta, and J.-C. Lu, “Optimal operation and capacity sizing for a sustainable shared energy storage system with solar power and hydropower generator,” J. Energy Storage, vol. 110, p. 115173, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2024.115173

[6] E. Bertè, V. Püvi, I. Jokinen, and M. Lehtonen, “Network capacity impact on the flexibility of local resources in green energy transition,” Energy Reports, vol. 13, pp. 1108–1124, 2025.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2024.12.050

[7] M. N. S. K. Shabbir, M. S. A. Chowdhury, and X. Liang, “A guideline of feasibility analysis and design for concentrated solar power plants,” Can. J. Electr. Comput. Eng., vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 203–217, 2019.https://doi.org/10.1109/CJECE.2018.2885016

[8] W. M. Hamanah, A. Salem, M. A. Abido, A. M. Qwbaiban, and T. G. Habetler, “Solar power tower drives: a comprehensive survey,” IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 83964–83982, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3066799

[9] A. Verma and B. Singh, “Multimode operation of solar PV array, grid, battery and diesel generator set based EV charging station,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 56, no. 5, pp. 5330–5339, 2020.https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2020.3001268

[10] M. Brenna, A. Dolara, F. Foiadelli, S. Leva, and M. Longo, “Urban scale photovoltaic charging stations for electric vehicles,” IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 1234–1241, 2014.https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2014.2341954

[11] Y.-M. Wi, J.-U. Lee, and S.-K. Joo, “Electric vehicle charging method for smart homes/buildings with a photovoltaic system,” IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 323–328, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCE.2013.6531113

[12] I. Roditis, M. Dakanalis, E. Koutroulis, and F. D. Kanellos, “Three-phase multiport DC–AC inverter for interfacing photovoltaic and energy storage systems to the electric grid,” IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Top. Ind. Electron., vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 982–994, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2023.3274472

[13] P. Dadhaniya, M. Maurya, and G. M. Vishwanath, “A bridgeless modified boost converter to improve power factor in EV battery charging applications,” IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Top. Ind. Electron., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 553–564, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2024.3355887

[14] N. M. Haegel and S. R. Kurtz, “Global progress toward renewable electricity: Tracking the role of solar,” IEEE J. Photovoltaics, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 1335–1342, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOTOV.2021.3104149

[15] S. Lee and H. S. Jung, “Cutting-Edge Advances in Perovskite Photovoltaic Devices and Applications,” Korean J. Chem. Eng., vol. 41, no. 14, pp. 3703–3715, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-024-00319-7

[16] D. Cheng, B. A. Mather, R. Seguin, J. Hambrick, and R. P. Broadwater, “Photovoltaic (PV) impact assessment for very high penetration levels,” IEEE J. photovoltaics, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 295–300, 2015 https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOTOV.2015.2481605.

[17] R. Pradhan and B. Subudhi, “Double integral sliding mode MPPT control of a photovoltaic system,” IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol., vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 285–292, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCST.2015.2420674

[18] H.-S. Lee and J.-J. Yun, “High-efficiency bidirectional buck–boost converter for photovoltaic and energy storage systems in a smart grid,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 4316–4328, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2018.2860059

[19] H. Gaied, A. Flah, H. Kraiem, and L. Prokop, “A comparison between the quality of two level and three levels bidirectional buck-boost converter using the neural network controller,” IEEE Access, vol. 12, pp. 94323–94336, 2024.https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3403769

[20] J. Zeng, X. Du, and Z. Yang, “A multiport bidirectional DC–DC converter for hybrid renewable energy system integration,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 36, no. 11, pp. 12281–12291, 2021.https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2021.3082427

[21] J. Zeng, W. Qiao, and L. Qu, “An isolated three-port bidirectional DC–DC converter for photovoltaic systems with energy storage,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 3493–3503, 2015.https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2015.2399613

[22] A. Chub, D. Vinnikov, R. Kosenko, E. Liivik, and I. Galkin, “Bidirectional DC–DC converter for modular residential battery energy storage systems,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 1944–1955, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2019.2902828

[23] M. P. Shreelakshmi, M. Das, and V. Agarwal, “Design and development of a novel high voltage gain, high-efficiency bidirectional DC–DC converter for storage interface,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 66, no. 6, pp. 4490–4501, 2018.https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2018.2860539

[24] N. Z. Saadabad, A. Nasiri, and J. Nekoui, “A new three‐port DC/DC converter with soft switching, for PV applications,” Int. J. Circuit Theory Appl., vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 993–1009, 2025.https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.4107

[25] K. Ayten and M. M. Savrun, “Design and Modelling of Three-Port Bidirectional DC-DC Converter for PV-Battery Integrated DC Microgrid Systems,” in 2024 19th Biennial Baltic Electronics Conference (BEC), IEEE, 2024, pp. 1–4.https://doi.org/10.1109/BEC61458.2024.10737947

[26] J. Radeen and A. Ajith, “Design and Simulation of Bidirectional DC-DC Converter in Solar PV System for Battery Charging Application,” in 2023 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Smart Grid, and Renewable Energy (PESGRE), IEEE, 2023, pp. 1–6.https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGRE58662.2023.10405100

[27] T. A. Fagundes, G. H. F. Fuzato, R. F. Q. Magossi, A. L. R. Oliveira, and R. Q. Machado, “A Design of a Redundancy-Based Cascaded Bidirectional DC-DC Converter for Improved Reliability in Energy Storage Devices,” IEEE Open J. Ind. Electron. Soc., 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2024.3446911

[28] H. Wu, K. Sun, L. Chen, L. Zhu, and Y. Xing, “High step-up/step-down soft-switching bidirectional DC–DC converter with coupled-inductor and voltage matching control for energy storage systems,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 63, no. 5, pp. 2892–2903, 2016.https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2016.2517063

[29] R. R. Kumar, C. Bharatiraja, K. Udhayakumar, S. Devakirubakaran, K. S. Sekar, and L. Mihet-Popa, “Advances in batteries, battery modeling, battery management system, battery thermal management, SOC, SOH, and charge/discharge characteristics in EV applications,” Ieee Access, vol. 11, pp. 105761–105809, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3318121

[30] M. R. Haque, K. M. A. Salam, and M. A. Razzak, “A modified PI-controller based high current density DC–DC converter for EV charging applications,” IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 27246–27266, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3258181

[31] C. Yanarates and Z. Zhou, “Design and cascade PI controller-based robust model reference adaptive control of DC-DC boost converter,” IEEE access, vol. 10, pp. 44909–44922, 2022.https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3169591

[32] C. González-Castaño, A. Veliz, D. Murillo-Yarce, W. Gil-González, C. Restrepo, and A. Garces, “Passivity–based Control PI for the Versatile Buck-Boost (VBB) Converter,” IEEE Access, 2024.https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3439688

Downloads

Published

2024-12-19

How to Cite

[1]
Muhammad Farhan Rizky, M. Syahril Mubarok, Herlambang Setiadi, and Nur Vidia Laksmi B., “Design of Bidirectional DC-DC Converter for Photovoltaic Charging System”, Vokasi Unesa Bull. Eng. Technol. Appl. Sci., vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 16–27, Dec. 2024.

Issue

Vol. 1 No. 3 (2024): (In Progress)

Section

Article

License

Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Farhan Rizky, Muhammad Syahril Mubarok, Herlambang Setiadi, Nur Vidia Laksmi B.

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Abstract views: 60 , PDF Downloads: 69