Hepatoprotective Activity of Papaya Seed (Carica papaya L.) and Lemongrass Stem (Cymbopogon citratus) Decoctions in Mice (Mus musculus) with Type II Diabetes Mellitus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26740/lenterabio.v15n3.p237-243Keywords:
Diabetes, NAFLD, Hepatosomatic Index, Steatosis, inflammationAbstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a condition characterized by insulin resistance that potentially trigger hepatic steatosis through increased de novo lipogenesis and lipolysis in adipose tissue. This condition enhances the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to mitochondrial dysfunction due to oxidative stress, which in turn triggers damage to hepatocytes. Papaya seeds and lemongrass stem are known to contain antioxidant compounds such as alkaloids, tannins, and saponins; that have the potential to lower T2DM-associated hepatic damages. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of decoctions made from papaya seeds, lemongrass stem, and combination of both on the Hepatosomatic Index (HSI) and liver histopathological damage in T2DM mice models. The study used 24 male DDY strain mice divided into six treatment groups: normal control, positive control, metformin, 60% papaya seed decoction, 60% lemongrass stem decoction, and combination of both. Statistic test revealed a significant effect of the treatments on HSI and histopathological scores (p<0.05). Results indicated that decoctions of papaya seed, lemongrass stem, and their combination significantly affected HSI and hepatic histopathological damage scores, with the 60% lemongrass stem decoction proving to be the most optimal treatment.
References
Andini M, Sani FK and Rahman H, 2022. Hepatoprotector test of ethanol extract ekor naga leaves (Epipremnum pinnatum (L .) Engl .) against paracetamol. Indonesian Journal of Pharma Science 4(1) : 104–112.
Basiglio CL, Crocenzi F, Pozzi ES, and Roma MG, 2021. Oxidative stress and localization status of hepatocellular transporters: impact on bile secretion and role of signaling pathways. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling 35(10) : 808–831.
Behl T, Gupta A, Albratty M, Najmi A, Meraya AM, Alhazmi HA, Anwer MK, Bhatia S, and Bungau SB, 2022. Alkaloidal Phytoconstituents for Diabetes Management: Exploring the Unrevealed Potential. Molecules 27(18).
Dewi NA and Titami A, 2024. Effect of glucocortiod on blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients : a review article. Jurnal Farmasi SYIFA 2: 68–73.
Djahi S, Lidia K, Pakan PD, and Amat ALS, 2021. Uji efek antidiabetes ekstrak etanol daun sereh (Cymbopogon citratus) terhadap penurunan glukosa darah tikus putih sprague dawley diinduksi aloksan. Cendana Medical Journal (CMJ) 9(2).
Hameed M, Khan K, Salman S, and Mehmod N, 2017. Dose comparison and side effect profile of metformin extended release versus metformin immediate release. Journal of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad 29(2): 225–229.
Han L, Shen W, Bittner S, Kraemer FB, and Azhar S, 2017. PPARs: regulators of metabolism and as therapeutic targets in cardiovascular disease. Part I: PPAR-α. Future Cardiology 13(3) : 259–278.
Huang X, Liu G, Guo J and Su Z, 2018. The PI3K/AKT pathway in obesity and type 2 diabetes. International Journal of Biological Sciences 14(11): 1483–1496.
IDF, 2024. Diabetes in Indonesia. Accessed from: https://idf.org/our-network/regions-and-members/western-pacific/members/indonesia/
Kaban K and Sunarti, 2019. Ekstrak rimpang kunyit (Curcuma longa Linn.) menurunkan penyakit perlemakan non-alkoholik. BioLink 5(2) : 123–130.
Khaleyla F, Ducha N, and Bashri A, 2021. Metode parafin untuk sediaan irisan jaringan hewan. Jurusan Biologi Universitas Negeri Surabaya.
Maimunah U, Kholil U, Putra RR, Brimantyo D, and Wirantara H, 2024. Increased levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 are associated with the degree of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B patients with NUC therapy. The Indonesian Biomedical Journal 16(1) : 2–8.
Nugroho CA, Sumadji AR, and Ganjari LE, 2022. Kadar kolesterol, HDL dan LDL mencit hiperkolesterol dengan perlakuan ekstrak daun andong merah. JIIP-Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan 5(11) : 4792–4796.
Oktaviona EEP, Qomariyah N, and Khaleyla F, 2023. Aktivitas hepatoprotektif ekstrak daun Phyllanthus acidus L. pada mencit diabetes mellitus tipe 2. LenteraBio: Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 12(3) : 381–388.
Palma R, Pronio A, Romeo M, Scognamiglio F, Ventriglia L, Ormando VM, Lamaza A, Pontone S, Fredrico A, and Dallio M, 2022. The role of insulin resistance in fueling NAFLD pathogenesis : from molecular mechanisms to clinical implications. Journal of Clinical Medicine 11(13): 3649.
PERKENI, 2019. Petunjuk Praktis Terapi Insulin Pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus. Perkeni, Jakarta, Pb Perkeni.
Putri WCW, Yuliawati, and Rahman H, 2021. Uji aktivitas hepatoprotektor ekstrak etanol daun rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) pada mencit putih jantan yang diinduksi parasetamol. Pharmacon : Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia 18(2): 148–156.
Rahman S, Kosman R, and Sudrianto S, 2015. Uji aktivitas antioksidan kombinasi infusa biji alpukat (Persea americana) dan biji pepaya (Carica papaya L.) terhadap tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) diabetes melitus dengan parameter MDA. Jurnal Ilmiah As-Syifaa 7(1): 34–42.
Randeni N, Luo J, and Xu B, 2025. Unveiling the molecular mechanisms of natural triterpenoids from mushrooms against type 2 diabetes: a critical review. Phytotherapy research: PTR 39(8): 3466–3485.
Smith GI, Shankaran M, Yoshino M, Schwitzer GG, Chondronikola M, Beals JW, Okunade AL, Patterson BW, Nyangau E, Field T, Surlin CB, Talukdar S, Hellenstein MK, and Klein S, 2020. Insulin resistance drives hepatic de novo lipogenesis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Journal of Clinical Investigation 130(3): 1453–1460.
Soliman AM and Barreda DR, 2022. Acute inflammation in tissue healing. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24(1).
Tilg H and Moschen AR, 2010. Evolution of inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the multiple parallel hits hypothesis. Hepatology 52(5): 1836-1846.
Umami M, Pratama IS, and Sriasih M, 2021. Evaluasi sifat fisik dan skrining fitokimia teh biji pepaya (Carica papaya L.). Unram Medical Journal 10(2) : 451–455.
WHO, 2024. Diabetes. Accessed from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes
Yang A and Mottillo EP, 2020. Adipocyte lipolysis: from molecular mechanisms of regulation to disease and therapeutics. Biochemical Journal 477(5) : 985–1008.
Zhao X, An X, Yang C, Sun W, Ji H, Lian F, 2023. The crucial role and mechanism of insulin resistance in metabolic disease. Frontiers in Endocrinology 14 : 1149239.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 LenteraBio : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Hak Cipta (c) LenteraBio: Berkala Ilmiah Biologi
Karya ini dilisensikan di bawah Lisensi Internasional Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0.
Pemberitahuan Hak Cipta.
Hak cipta dari artikel yang diterima untuk diterbitkan akan diberikan kepada jurnal sebagai penerbit jurnal. Hak cipta yang dimaksud meliputi hak untuk menerbitkan artikel dalam berbagai bentuk (termasuk cetak ulang). Jurnal mempertahankan hak penerbitan atas artikel yang diterbitkan.
Abstract views: 0
,
PDF Downloads: 0
