Pengaruh Variasi Diet Tinggi Lemak terhadap Kadar Kolesterol dan Histopatologi Hepatik pada Model Tikus Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26740/lenterabio.v14n3.p303-310Kata Kunci:
Beef Tallow, Goat Tallow, vegetable oil, steatosis, diabetesAbstrak
Konsumsi makanan berlemak yang berlebihan menyebabkan penumpukan lipid, yang berujung pada hiperkolesterolemia dan diabetes melitus tipe 2. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh diet tinggi lemak dengan berbagai jenis lemak bersamaan dengan induksi aloksan terhadap kadar kolesterol dan histopatologi hepatik. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL); dua puluh ekor mencit jantan dibagi menjadi lima kelompok perlakuan, yaitu KK (pakan standar), KP (plasebo), P1 (minyak nabati), P2 (lemak sapi), dan P3 (lemak kambing). Rasio pakan, lemak, dan kuning telur bebek adalah 80%:15%:5% yang diberikan ad libitum dengan dosis 5 gram/hari selama delapan minggu, dilanjutkan dengan injeksi aloksan untuk menginduksi diabetes melitus pada mencit. Histopatologi hepatik dibuat menggunakan metode parafin dan pewarnaan Hematoksilin-eosin (HE). Hepatosit dinilai berdasarkan kerusakan inflamasi, pembengkakan, dan steatosis. Kadar kolesterol total dianalisis dengan ANOVA, dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Uji Kruskal-Wallis diikuti dengan uji Mann-Whitney digunakan untuk menganalisis histopatologi hati. Kadar kolesterol total kelompok P2 meningkat drastis setiap minggu. Histopatologi hati menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan antar kelompok. Berdasarkan hasil, dapat disimpulkan bahwa diet tinggi lemak menggunakan lemak sapi memiliki efek tertinggi terhadap diabetes melitus tipe 2 dalam hal kadar kolesterol total sebesar 132±4,24 mg/dL dan histopatologi hati, yang mengakibatkan steatosis.
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