Anthropometric Determinants of Body Mass Index in Young Pencak Silat Athletes: The Influence of Gender and Somatotype
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26740/jossae.v10n1.p39-46Keywords:
anthropometry, body mass index, nutritional status, pencak silat, somatotypeAbstract
Nutritional status is crucial for enhancing athletic performance in Pencak Silat, which demands strength and optimal body proportions. The objective of this research was to examine the influence of gender on body mass index (BMI) among young Pencak Silat athletes and to assess the impact of anthropometric variables on BMI. A total of 38 athletes were assessed for height, weight, body composition, and somatotype. The statistical analysis comprised Pearson correlation, independent t-test, one way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression. The findings indicate that there were no significant disparities in BMI between both genders (p = 0.113). Most of athletes categories as mesomorphic (57.9%), followed by ectomorphic (36.8%) and endomorphic (5.3%). Regression analysis indicates that body weight (β = 0.347; p < 0.001) exerts a substantial positive influence on BMI. In contrast, height demonstrates a significant negative influence (β = -0.247; p < 0.001). Additionally, age and gender are not significant factors towards BMI. These findings underscore the inadequacies of BMI as the exclusive measure of athletes’ nutritional status and highlight the necessity of incorporating anthropometric evaluation and somatotype profile. A multidimensional evalutions may help coaches and sport nutrisionist to design effective training and nutrition strategies for long term-athletes development (LAD).
References
Ackland, T. R., Lohman, T. G., Sundgot-Borgen, J., Maughan, R. J., Meyer, N. L., Stewart, A. D., & Mller, W. (2012). Current status of body composition assessment in sport: Review and position statement on behalf of the Ad Hoc research working group on body composition health and performance, under the auspices of the I.O.C. medical commission. In Sports Medicine (Vol. 42, Issue 3, pp. 227–249). https://doi.org/10.2165/11597140-000000000-00000
Baranauskas, M., Stukas, R., Tubelis, L., Žagminas, K., Šurkiene, G., Švedas, E., Giedraitis, V. R., Dobrovolskij, V., & Abaravičius, J. A. (2015). Nutritional habits among high-performance endurance athletes. Medicina (Lithuania), 51(6), 351–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medici.2015.11.004
Bonilla, D. A., De León, L. G., Alexander-Cortez, P., Odriozola-Martínez, A., Herrera-Amante, C. A., Vargas-Molina, S., & Petro, J. L. (2022). Simple anthropometry-based calculations to monitor body composition in athletes: Scoping review and reference values. In Nutrition and Health (Vol. 28, Issue 1, pp. 95–109). SAGE Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1177/02601060211002941
Carter J.E. Lindsay, & Honeyman Barbara Heath. (1991). Somatotyping: Development and applications (R. M. Malina, Ed.; p. 503). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (Cambridge Studies in Biological Anthropology). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.1310030515
Ciftci, R., & Kurtoglu, A. (2023). Examination of the Effect of Somatotype Profiles on Athletic Performance Indicators in Children Aged 48-72 Months. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.45430
Doewes, R. (2025). Predominance of Pencak Silat athletes in the fighting category. Retos, 66, 573–584. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v66.112810
Franchini, E., Sterkowicz-Przybycien, K., Takito, M. Y., Franchini, E. ;, Sterkowicz-Przybycien, K. &, & Takito, M. Y. (2014). Anthropometrical Profile of Judo Athletes: Comparative Analysis Between Weight Categories Perfil Antropométrico de Atletas de Judo: Análisis Comparativo entre Categorías de Peso. In Int. J. Morphol (Vol. 32, Issue 1).
Jeon, M., Jeon, A., Lee, J.-H., & Differences, J. H. (2020). Differences in Body Composition of Upper and Lower Limbs in Elite Taekwondo Athletes. In Int. J. Morphol (Vol. 38, Issue 2).
Kusnaedi, K., Hidayat, Y., Rahmat, A., Pratama, Y. S., Aktaş Üstün, N., Robianto, A., & Mutaqin, D. I. (2024). Physiological and Technical Analysis of Male Athletes from the Bumi Siliwangi Pencak Silat Club in Indonesia. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, 7(6), 1339–1349. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1533686
Langan-Evans, C., Close, G. L., & Morton, J. P. (2011). Making Weight in Combat Sports. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 33(6), 25–39. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0b013e318231bb64
M., S., Rachaveti, D., S., A., & M., P. (2025). A narrative review on the role of cognition, nutrition and energy availability in athletes of competitive sports to combat RED-S. PeerJ, 13, e18849. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18849
Martínez-Mireles, X., Nava-González, E. J., López-Cabanillas Lomelí, M., Puente-Hernández, D. S., Gutiérrez-López, M., Lagunes-Carrasco, J. O., López-García, R., & Ramírez, E. (2025). The Shape of Success: A Scoping Review of Somatotype in Modern Elite Athletes Across Various Sports. Sports, 13(2), 38. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports13020038
Milošević, N., Stojanović, N., Paunović, M., Živković, M., Mekić, A., & Volaš, D. (2024). DIFFERENCES IN THE BODY COMPOSITION OF SELECTED JUDOKAS BASED ON WEIGHT CATEGORIES. Homosporticus, 12–18. https://doi.org/10.61886/1840-4324.2024.26.1.12
Nevill, A. M., Stewart, A. D., Olds, T., & Holder, R. (2006). Relationship between adiposity and body size reveals limitations of BMI. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 129(1), 151–156. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20262
Nurhidayah, D., Prasetyo, Y., Sutapa, P., Nanda, F. A., Mitsalina, D., & Yuliana, E. (2024). Development of physical test norms for early age Pencak Silat. Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports, 28(3), 175–183. https://doi.org/10.15561/26649837.2024.0302
Rogers, S., Perez, G. M., & Hew-Butler, T. D. (2023). Fit Or Fat? Sex Differences In BMI And Body Composition In Collegiate Athletes And Non-athletes. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 55(9S), 24–24. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000979944.06427.75
Stone, W. J., Garver, M. J., Wakeman, A., Tolusso, D., Nelson, H., Hair, J., & Nehlsen, E. (2024). More than Body Composition: A Darwinian Theory of Somatotype, Applied to a DII Track and Field Outdoor Season. International Journal of Exercise Science, 17(4). https://doi.org/10.70252/MROM6757
Terzi, E., & Kalkavan, A. (2024). To what extent do somatotype structures affect athletic performance in professional athletes? The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 64(7). https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.24.15826-4
Toro-Román, V., Grijota, F. J., Muñoz, D., Maynar-Mariño, M., Clemente-Gil, S., & Robles-Gil, M. C. (2023). Anthropometry, Body Composition, and Physical Fitness in Semi-Professional Soccer Players: Differences between Sexes and Playing Position. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 13(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/app13031249
Toselli, S., & Campa, F. (2018). Anthropometry and Functional Movement Patterns in Elite Male Volleyball Players of Different Competitive Levels. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 32(9), 2601–2611. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002368
Vybornaya, K. V. (2022). Somatotypological characteristics of athletes of various sports. In Sports Medicine: Research and Practice (Vol. 12, Issue 3, pp. 14–29). National Electronic-Information Consortium (NEICON). https://doi.org/10.47529/2223-2524.2022.3.9
Wang, Z., Ai, S., Tian, F., Liow, M. H. L., Wang, S., Zhao, J., & Tsai, T. Y. (2020). Higher Body Mass Index Is Associated With Biochemical Changes in Knee Articular Cartilage After Marathon Running: A Quantitative T2-Relaxation MRI Study. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, 8(8). https://doi.org/10.1177/2325967120943874
Wijaya, M. R. A., Rahayu, S., Azam, M., & Sumartiningsih, S. (2024). The Leg Length Contributed to the Speed of Sabit Kick in Athletes Pencak Silat. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 12(3), 525–530. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2024.120308
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 JOSSAE (Journal of Sport Science and Education)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Abstract views: 6
,
PDF Downloads: 1
, PDF Downloads: 1
