Overcoming Malnutrition in the Elderly through Local Resources The Potential of Protein and Calcium in Rasbora argyrotaenia Fish for Food Security

Abstract

Malnutrition among Indonesian elderly, particularly protein and calcium deficiency, has reached an alarming level, especially in nursing homes. Dependence on expensive commercial supplements exacerbates nutritional inequality. This narrative review aims to explore the potential of wader fish (Rasbora argyrotaenia), an overlooked local resource, as a sustainable solution. Whole wader fish possess an excellent nutritional profile, containing 17.0 grams of protein and 500 mg of calcium per 100 grams, and can be consumed with bones to maximize mineral absorption. Economically, this fish is highly affordable (Rp 10,000–15,000/kg) and widely distributed in the waters of Java, Sumatra, and Kalimantan, with national production reaching 3,842 tons per year. Traditional processing methods such as pepes (spiced steamed fish in banana leaves) or steaming are recommended to create elderly-friendly products with soft textures and preserved nutritional value. Integrating wader fish into elderly nutrition programs offers an effective, economical, and culturally rooted approach while supporting food security, local community empowerment, and reducing import dependency. Its implementation requires sustainable strategies through responsible fishing and aquaculture to ensure long-term availability