Applications of Whole Genome Sequencing in Agricultural and Food Biotechnology: A Review

Abstract

This review highlights the recent advances and applications of Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) in agricultural biotechnology. Utilizing two principal approaches, de novo assembly and reference-based assembly, WGS has been employed to uncover genetic diversity and identify key genes responsible for plant resistance, yield enhancement, and environmental adaptation. Numerous studies on major agricultural commodities such as banana, pear, and citrus demonstrate that WGS significantly accelerates breeding programs and the mapping of functional genes. Overall, WGS represents a pivotal tool for the development of superior crop varieties and serves as a cornerstone for sustainable innovation in agricultural biotechnology.