Examining the Mental Health Impact of Social Media Use Across the COVID-19 Pandemic Phases
A Narrative Review with Recommendations for Indonesia
Keywords:
Social Media Use, Mental Health, Pandemic Phase, Cultura Factors, Digital WellnessAbstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has fundamentally transformed social media usage patterns and their impact on mental health, yet comprehensive analysis across pandemic phases within Indonesia's cultural context remains limited. Objective: This study aims to examine the relationship between social media use and mental health outcomes across pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-pandemic phases, with specific focus on developing culturally-appropriate recommendations for Indonesia. Method: A narrative review methodology was employed, analyzing 88 peer-reviewed articles published between 2018-2024 retrieved through Google Scholar using keywords "Social Media Use" and "Mental Health," with 64 articles meeting inclusion criteria. Results: Findings revealed distinct usage patterns across phases (2-3 hours pre-pandemic, 4-6 hours during pandemic, stabilizing at 3-4 hours post-pandemic) with corresponding mental health impacts. Cultural factors, including family networks and religious practices, emerged as significant mediators of mental health outcomes in the Indonesian context. Depression and anxiety rates showed marked increases during the pandemic (90% and 85% respectively) with partial recovery post-pandemic. Conclusion: The study highlights the need for phase-specific, culturally-sensitive interventions that integrate traditional support systems with digital wellness approaches, particularly within Indonesia's unique sociocultural landscape.
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