STEREOTYPES AS CHILDREN’S PERCEPTIVE JEALOUSY REPRESENTED IN A.A. MILNE’S POEM IN THE FASHION: A STUDY OF RIFFATERRE’S SEMIOTICS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26740/paramasastra.v12n1.p39-62Keywords:
Stereotypes, Representation, Semiotics of Poetry, Heuristic and Hermeneutic Readings.Abstract
A study on the representation of stereotypes in A.A. Mille's poem In the Fashion explores Riffaterre's semiotic theory. It exposes explanation of the way stereotype operating in children’s perspective on having jealousy or envy. This poem mostly explores the stereotype of having attractive particular part of body creating opposition, questions, contradiction, and marginalization. This study using qualitative data analysis applied Riffaterre's semiotic theory on poetry (Riffaterre, 1978). The stages of reading, heuristic and hermeneutic readings, would be the steps to do this analysis. The study resulted Milne recently emphasized the tail as part of animal body which has its particular fine quality that the quality of the tail heuristically is exposed and pointed at. The exposure of its quality is done by relating all lines in the poem with the existence and concern of the tail itself. And, Milne exposed, as the hypogram, those as means of learning children about mirroring activities as an effect of stereotyping which is perceived as the representation of what most children have recently seen from the oppositions, contradiction, similarity, and marginalisation.
References
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Angelaki, R. (2023). Gender Stereotypes in Historical Biographical Novels for Children and Young Adults. Libri et Liberi. https://doi.org/10.21066/carcl.libri.12.1.2
Braslauskas, J. (2023). Intercultural stereotypes and the role of critical and creative thinking in overcoming them. Creativity Studies, 16(1), 255–273. https://doi.org/10.3846/cs.2023.17187
Braswell, G. S. (2006). Sociocultural contexts for the early development of semiotic production. Psychological Bulletin, 132(6), 877–894. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.132.6.877
Certo, J. L. (2015). Poetic Language, Interdiscursivity and Intertextuality in Fifth Graders’ Poetry An Interpretive Study. Journal of Literacy Research, 47(1), 49–82. https://doi.org/10.1177/1086296X15577183
Choi, Y., & Drouillard, C. L. (2022). Reading Between the Lines in Discussing Multicultural Books for Children: Preliminary Results. Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 59(1), 650–652. https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.679
Costa, S. S. G., & da Silva, A. C. M. (2008). A poesia como recurso de desenvolvimento do universo cultural e criativo da criança. Nucleus, 5(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.3738/NUCLEUS.V5I1.72
Foster-Hanson, E., & Rhodes, M. (2022). Stereotypes as prototypes in children’s gender concepts. Developmental Science, e13345–e13345. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.13345
Guijarro, A. J. M. (2016). The Role of Semiotic Metaphor in the Verbal-Visual Interplay of Three Children’s Picture Books. A Multisemiotic Systemic-Functional Approach. Atlantis: Journal of the Spanish Association of Anglo-American Studies, 38(1), 33–52.
Handa, S., & Rossner, K. F. (2023). A National Comparative Content Analysis of Gender Stereotypes in Children’s TV Shows. Journal of Student Research, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v12i1.4162
Hartwell, P. (2016). Grammar , Grammars , and the Teaching of Grammar. College English, 47(2), 105–127. https://www.jstor.org/stable/376562
Hornby, A. S. (1995). Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. Oxford University Press.
Jun, H.-J. (2023). Stereotypes Analysis in Discrimination Based on Gender: Focusing on the European Court of Human Rights Case Carvalho Pinto de Sousa Morias v. Portugal. In-Gwon Beob Pyeonglon, 30, 119–151. https://doi.org/10.38135/hrlr.2023.30.119
Kamalova, O. M. (2023). Stereotypes and Stereotyping in Interpersonal and Intergroup Relations. Psihologiâ i Psihotehnika, 1, 38–47. https://doi.org/10.7256/2454-0722.2023.1.40027
Karanikolaou, T. (2023). Gender Representations in Greek Children’s Literature: Activities of Male and Female Characters. International Conference on Gender Research, 6(1), 155–160. https://doi.org/10.34190/icgr.6.1.1073
Kim, H.-E. G. (2022). Young Children’s Perception of the Gender of Characters in Picture Books: for Human and Non-Human Characters. Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, 22(22), 697–715. https://doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2022.22.22.697
Ku, T.-H. (1984). Toward a semiotic reading of poetry: A Chinese example. Semiotica, 49, 49–72. https://doi.org/10.1515/SEMI.1984.49.1-2.49
Li, G., Liu, H., Müller, U. K., Voesenek, C. J., & van Leeuwen, J. L. (2021). Fishes regulate tail-beat kinematics to minimize speed-specific cost of transport. Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 288(1964), 20211601-. https://doi.org/10.1098/RSPB.2021.1601
Li, H. (2022). Gender Stereotypes in Preschool Children and Relevant Interventions. Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences, 5, 313–319. https://doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v5i.2925
Martínez, L. M. (2000). La construcción del conocimiento en la iconografla espontánea de los niños. Arte Individuo Y Sociedad, 12, 17-. https://doi.org/10.5209/ARIS.6761
Muranda, R., & Maruzani, N. (2022). Gender Representations in Early Childhood Development: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Selected ECD Rhymes. Journal of Education and Practice, 13(33). https://doi.org/10.7176/jep/13-33-07
Oral, E., & Özyön, A. (2023). New Image of the Child in Lord of the Flies and the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. https://doi.org/10.47948/efad.1355687
Riffaterre, M. (1978). Semiotics of Poetry. In T. A. Sebeok (Ed.), Indiana University Press. Indiana University Press.
Roberts, L., Bačová, K., Sendín, T. L., & Urban, M. (2022). Cultural Differences in the Construction of Gender: A Thematic Analysis of Gender Representations in American, Spanish, and Czech Children’s Literature. Human Affairs, 33(1), 34–50. https://doi.org/10.1515/humaff-2022-2030
Rubegni, E., Landoni, M., Malinverni, L., & Jaccheri, L. (2022). Raising Awareness of Stereotyping Through Collaborative Digital Storytelling: Design for Change with and for Children. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 157(102727). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2021.102727
Sartika, E. (2022). Stereotypes in Eka Kurniawan’s Short Story Collection Perempuan Patah Hati Yang Kembali Menemukan Cinta Melalui Mimpi. 1(1), 285–292. https://doi.org/10.24090/nuraicon.v1i1.143
Schultz, J. T., Cieri, R. L., Proost, T., Pilai, R., Hodgson, M. J., Plum, F., & Clemente, C. J. (2021). Tail base deflection but not tail curvature varies with speed in lizards: results from an automated tracking analysis pipeline. Integrative and Comparative Biology. https://doi.org/10.1093/ICB/ICAB037
Schweinitz, J. (2011). FILM AND STEREOTYPE: A Challenge for Cinema and Theory. Columbia University Press.
Shield, S., Jericevich, R., Patel, A., Jusufi, A., & Jusufi, A. (2021). Tails, Flails, and Sails: How Appendages Improve Terrestrial Maneuverability by Improving Stability. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 61(2), 506–520. https://doi.org/10.1093/ICB/ICAB108
Spinner, L., Cameron, L., & Tenenbaum, H. R. (2022). Gender Stereotypes in Young Children’s Magazines. Mass Communication and Society, 26(1), 147–170. https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2022.2052902
Yang, L. (2023). The Impact of Disney Movies on Childrens Perceptions of Traditional Gender Roles and Sexist Stereotypes. Communications in Humanities Research. https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/5/20230368
Young, J. W., Chadwell, B. A., Dunham, N. T., Dunham, N. T., McNamara, A., Phelps, T., Hieronymus, T. L., & Shapiro, L. J. (2021). The Stabilizing Function of the Tail During Arboreal Quadrupedalism. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 61(2), 491–505. https://doi.org/10.1093/ICB/ICAB096
Никифоров, М. (2023). The concept of stereotype as a social and psychological phenomenon. the general approaches to the review of stereotypes. https://doi.org/10.37539/230428.2023.32.80.002
Adam, H., & Urquhart, Y. (2023). A Cause for Hope or an Unwitting Complicity? The Representation of Cultural Diversity in Award-Listed Children’s Picturebooks in Australia. Bookbird: A Journal of International Children’s Literature, 61(2), 48–58. https://doi.org/10.1353/bkb.2023.0023
Angelaki, R. (2023). Gender Stereotypes in Historical Biographical Novels for Children and Young Adults. Libri et Liberi. https://doi.org/10.21066/carcl.libri.12.1.2
Braslauskas, J. (2023). Intercultural stereotypes and the role of critical and creative thinking in overcoming them. Creativity Studies, 16(1), 255–273. https://doi.org/10.3846/cs.2023.17187
Braswell, G. S. (2006). Sociocultural contexts for the early development of semiotic production. Psychological Bulletin, 132(6), 877–894. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.132.6.877
Certo, J. L. (2015). Poetic Language, Interdiscursivity and Intertextuality in Fifth Graders’ Poetry An Interpretive Study. Journal of Literacy Research, 47(1), 49–82. https://doi.org/10.1177/1086296X15577183
Choi, Y., & Drouillard, C. L. (2022). Reading Between the Lines in Discussing Multicultural Books for Children: Preliminary Results. Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 59(1), 650–652. https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.679
Costa, S. S. G., & da Silva, A. C. M. (2008). A poesia como recurso de desenvolvimento do universo cultural e criativo da criança. Nucleus, 5(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.3738/NUCLEUS.V5I1.72
Foster-Hanson, E., & Rhodes, M. (2022). Stereotypes as prototypes in children’s gender concepts. Developmental Science, e13345–e13345. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.13345
Guijarro, A. J. M. (2016). The Role of Semiotic Metaphor in the Verbal-Visual Interplay of Three Children’s Picture Books. A Multisemiotic Systemic-Functional Approach. Atlantis: Journal of the Spanish Association of Anglo-American Studies, 38(1), 33–52.
Handa, S., & Rossner, K. F. (2023). A National Comparative Content Analysis of Gender Stereotypes in Children’s TV Shows. Journal of Student Research, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v12i1.4162
Hartwell, P. (2016). Grammar , Grammars , and the Teaching of Grammar. College English, 47(2), 105–127. https://www.jstor.org/stable/376562
Hornby, A. S. (1995). Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. Oxford University Press.
Jun, H.-J. (2023). Stereotypes Analysis in Discrimination Based on Gender: Focusing on the European Court of Human Rights Case Carvalho Pinto de Sousa Morias v. Portugal. In-Gwon Beob Pyeonglon, 30, 119–151. https://doi.org/10.38135/hrlr.2023.30.119
Kamalova, O. M. (2023). Stereotypes and Stereotyping in Interpersonal and Intergroup Relations. Psihologiâ i Psihotehnika, 1, 38–47. https://doi.org/10.7256/2454-0722.2023.1.40027
Karanikolaou, T. (2023). Gender Representations in Greek Children’s Literature: Activities of Male and Female Characters. International Conference on Gender Research, 6(1), 155–160. https://doi.org/10.34190/icgr.6.1.1073
Kim, H.-E. G. (2022). Young Children’s Perception of the Gender of Characters in Picture Books: for Human and Non-Human Characters. Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, 22(22), 697–715. https://doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2022.22.22.697
Ku, T.-H. (1984). Toward a semiotic reading of poetry: A Chinese example. Semiotica, 49, 49–72. https://doi.org/10.1515/SEMI.1984.49.1-2.49
Li, G., Liu, H., Müller, U. K., Voesenek, C. J., & van Leeuwen, J. L. (2021). Fishes regulate tail-beat kinematics to minimize speed-specific cost of transport. Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 288(1964), 20211601-. https://doi.org/10.1098/RSPB.2021.1601
Li, H. (2022). Gender Stereotypes in Preschool Children and Relevant Interventions. Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences, 5, 313–319. https://doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v5i.2925
Martínez, L. M. (2000). La construcción del conocimiento en la iconografla espontánea de los niños. Arte Individuo Y Sociedad, 12, 17-. https://doi.org/10.5209/ARIS.6761
Muranda, R., & Maruzani, N. (2022). Gender Representations in Early Childhood Development: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Selected ECD Rhymes. Journal of Education and Practice, 13(33). https://doi.org/10.7176/jep/13-33-07
Oral, E., & Özyön, A. (2023). New Image of the Child in Lord of the Flies and the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. https://doi.org/10.47948/efad.1355687
Riffaterre, M. (1978). Semiotics of Poetry. In T. A. Sebeok (Ed.), Indiana University Press. Indiana University Press.
Roberts, L., Bačová, K., Sendín, T. L., & Urban, M. (2022). Cultural Differences in the Construction of Gender: A Thematic Analysis of Gender Representations in American, Spanish, and Czech Children’s Literature. Human Affairs, 33(1), 34–50. https://doi.org/10.1515/humaff-2022-2030
Rubegni, E., Landoni, M., Malinverni, L., & Jaccheri, L. (2022). Raising Awareness of Stereotyping Through Collaborative Digital Storytelling: Design for Change with and for Children. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 157(102727). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2021.102727
Sartika, E. (2022). Stereotypes in Eka Kurniawan’s Short Story Collection Perempuan Patah Hati Yang Kembali Menemukan Cinta Melalui Mimpi. 1(1), 285–292. https://doi.org/10.24090/nuraicon.v1i1.143
Schultz, J. T., Cieri, R. L., Proost, T., Pilai, R., Hodgson, M. J., Plum, F., & Clemente, C. J. (2021). Tail base deflection but not tail curvature varies with speed in lizards: results from an automated tracking analysis pipeline. Integrative and Comparative Biology. https://doi.org/10.1093/ICB/ICAB037
Schweinitz, J. (2011). FILM AND STEREOTYPE: A Challenge for Cinema and Theory. Columbia University Press.
Shield, S., Jericevich, R., Patel, A., Jusufi, A., & Jusufi, A. (2021). Tails, Flails, and Sails: How Appendages Improve Terrestrial Maneuverability by Improving Stability. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 61(2), 506–520. https://doi.org/10.1093/ICB/ICAB108
Spinner, L., Cameron, L., & Tenenbaum, H. R. (2022). Gender Stereotypes in Young Children’s Magazines. Mass Communication and Society, 26(1), 147–170. https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2022.2052902
Yang, L. (2023). The Impact of Disney Movies on Childrens Perceptions of Traditional Gender Roles and Sexist Stereotypes. Communications in Humanities Research. https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/5/20230368
Young, J. W., Chadwell, B. A., Dunham, N. T., Dunham, N. T., McNamara, A., Phelps, T., Hieronymus, T. L., & Shapiro, L. J. (2021). The Stabilizing Function of the Tail During Arboreal Quadrupedalism. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 61(2), 491–505. https://doi.org/10.1093/ICB/ICAB096
Никифоров, М. (2023). The concept of stereotype as a social and psychological phenomenon. the general approaches to the review of stereotypes. https://doi.org/10.37539/230428.2023.32.80.002
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