Freshwater Snails Diversity and Distribution in the Kaduara Sulfurous Spring, Sumenep, Madura, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26740/jrba.v8n1.p18-33Abstract
Sulfurous spring habitats represent chemically extreme aquatic environments that typically support limited freshwater biodiversity; however, the gastropod fauna of such habitats in tropical Indonesia remains largely undocumented. This study aimed to document the diversity, morphology, morphometry, and physicochemical associations of freshwater gastropods inhabiting the Kaduara Sulfurous Spring, Sumenep, Madura Island, Indonesia. Specimens were collected on 17 July 2024 using the hand-picking method at one sampling point (coordinates: -7.1237°S, 113.6062°E), preserved in 70% alcohol. Physicochemical parameters were measured in situ, and sulfur content was determined gravimetrically following SNI 02-1760-2005. A total of seven freshwater gastropod species from two families were recorded: Stenomelania rustica, Stenomelania torulosa, Stenomelania sp., Mieniplotia scabra, and Melanoides tuberculata (Thiaridae), along with Neritina cornuta and Clithon sp. (Neritidae). The spring exhibited a water temperature of 29°C, pH of 7, and total sulfur content of 0.077% (770 mg/L). Shell dimensions of all recorded species were consistent with published reference ranges, indicating normal growth under the prevailing conditions. This study provides the first systematic record of freshwater gastropod diversity in a sulfurous spring ecosystem in Sumenep, Madura, establishing a critical baseline for future biodiversity monitoring in chemically stressed spring habitats.
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