Effectiveness of Predator Diversity in Refuge Plants in Reducing Bactrocera sp. Population on Batu 55 Tangerines
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26740/lenterabio.v15n1.p1-8Keywords:
Agroecosystem, biodiversity, insect predators, natural enemies, refugeAbstract
Fruit flies (Bactrocera sp.) are a major pest of citrus fruits that can reduce the quality and yield of crops. Long-term use of chemical insecticides can damage the environment and endanger human health, so safer and more sustainable control methods are needed. This study aims to determine how effective flowering plants in a refugia system are in increasing predator diversity and controlling the population of Bactrocera sp. The study was conducted in the Batu 55 orange orchard by comparing three types of refugia plants, namely sunflowers (Helianthus annuus), marigolds (Tagetes erecta), and wild cosmos flowers (Cosmos caudatus), with a control group without refugia plants. The Shannon–Wiener diversity index and one-way anova test showed that flowering plants in the refugia system had a significant effect on increasing the predator population and reducing the number of Bactrocera sp. Sunflowers showed the best results, as they were able to increase the number of predatory insects by up to 163% and reduce the presence of fruit flies by approximately 40.7% compared to the control. The dominant predator species obtained in the tangerines orchard were Coccinella sp., Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, Harmonia axyridis, and Creobroter gemmatus. The results of this study confirm that the application of refugia involving flowering plants, mainly sunflowers, can increase predator diversity, maintain the balance of the citrus ecosystem, and support environmentally friendly and effective integrated pest management.
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