Governance Issues in Indonesian Professional Football Competitions: A Case Study of Liga 2 Indonesia

Abstract

This article seeks to examine various cases and issues that have occurred within Liga 2. Based on the investigation conducted, problems were identified both prior to the commencement of the competition and during its implementation. Weak regulatory frameworks, frequent regulatory changes during the course of the competition, and non-compliance by stakeholders—including actors within the Football Association of Indonesia (PSSI) itself—constitute fundamental and serious concerns. Liga 2, which involves multiple stakeholders, significant financial circulation, and the potential to produce high-quality professional clubs, talented players, and competent match officials, has been undermined by these recurring issues. In the short term, necessary solutions include improving the competition system and regulatory framework to be implemented in Liga 2. The regulations must align with the statutes of Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) and be supported by clear and firm legal enforcement against any violations. In this regard, practitioners involved in the competition possess the authority to implement such measures. For long-term solutions, several evaluation instruments may be adopted, including: (a) management, (b) broadcasting and sponsorship (commercial aspects), (c) the application of sports science, (d) political and policy dimensions, and (e) systems for analyzing athlete performance (Rattanapian et al., 2017: 1). These evaluation components provide opportunities for academic stakeholders to contribute through systematic evaluative research.