Natural Resource-Based Tourism as a Strategy for Rural Development and Economic Resilience

Abstract

This study examines how integrating the Community-Based Tourism (CBT) value chain with an institutional-community collaboration framework can enhance inclusion and sustainability in rural tourism development, as well as economic resilience. A qualitative phenomenological case study was conducted in two villages in Magelang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, which were selected for their rich natural resources, including mountainous landscapes, terraced settlements, and agrotourism areas. Data were collected from 15 key informants, including village leaders, tourism operators, government officials, and community members, selected through purposive and snowball sampling. Various methods, including in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and participatory observation, were employed, with the data analyzed thematically using NVivo 12. Triangulation and member verification were applied to ensure validity and credibility. Findings suggest that integrating CBT with institutional collaboration enhances local livelihoods, increases social participation, and strengthens community resilience. This integration also ensures equitable benefit sharing, prevents elite domination, and supports inclusive governance. Strategic recommendations include the establishment of village-owned companies and cooperatives, capacity- building programs for women and youth, and the integration of digital innovations in tourism marketing. This study contributes to the literature by proposing a two-layer integrated model that links economic value creation (CBT Value Chain) with governance mechanisms (Institutional Collaboration Framework). The study concludes that nature-based tourism, when grounded in strong partnerships between communities and institutions, can foster sustainable entrepreneurship and promote rural economic stability. Future research is encouraged to adopt a longitudinal and cross-country approach that emphasizes governance, cultural context, and technological tools such as microfinance and digital platforms.