PENGELUARAN PENELITIAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN (R&D) DALAM MODEL PERTUMBUHAN ENDOGEN DI NEGARA BERKEMBANG: SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
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Abstract
Sejak awal 1990-an, para peneliti telah mencoba menjelaskan model pertumbuhan endogen kaitannya dengan penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D), tidak terkecuali di negara berkembang. Tujuan penelitian berfokus pada: 1) model pengeluaran penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D) yang dibentuk dalam pertumbuhan endogen di negara berkembang; dan 2) pengaruh pengeluaran penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D) terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di negara berkembang. Penelitian ini merupakan studi literatur sistematis dengan menggunakan metode PRISMA. Berdasarkan penelusuran literatur, setelah proses penyaringan, hanya 15 artikel yang layak untuk ditinjau lebih lanjut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa beberapa model pengeluaran penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D) yang dibangun terutama di negara berkembang berasal dari faktor eksogen, di antaranya adalah subsidi R&D dari pemerintah maupun swasta, impor dari negara-negara industri, R&D industri rendah karbon, dan suhu global. Selanjutnya, terdapat hasil penelitian yang berbeda antara kausalitas variabel pengeluaran penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D) terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi dalam model pertumbuhan endogen di negara berkembang.
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