PRAKTIK MANAJEMEN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA DI BERBAGAI BUDAYA: STUDI BERBASIS BUKTI DI KANADA DAN JEPANG

Abstract

This study specifically aims to conduct a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of human resource management (HRM) practices in Canada and Japan, with the goal of exploring the extent to which culture, social values, history, and societal context influence HRM policies and implementation in both countries. A literature study method with a descriptive-qualitative approach was strictly applied to collect empirical data from various relevant secondary references. The data collected covered key aspects of HRM, such as recruitment, selection, training, compensation, Occupational Health and Safety (OHS), and termination of employment (PHK). Data analysis was conducted comparatively, focusing on identifying differences, similarities, and common patterns in HRM practices. The results of the study show that HRM in Canada is significantly influenced by social aspirations for inclusiveness, diversity, and equal opportunities, which are reflected in a multidimensional and accommodative employee recruitment, selection, and training system. On the other hand, HRM in Japan is deeply rooted in a culture of collectivism, group harmony, and organizational loyalty, which is reflected in training programs, compensation schemes, and termination policies that emphasize collaboration and the sustainability of long-term employment relationships. A deep understanding of the influence of cultural and historical contexts on the formation of a country's HRM system. This understanding forms the basis for the development of adaptive and resilient HRM models and policies in the face of globalization dynamics, which can be applied to societies with similar characteristics in other countries.