Do Anti-Money Laundering Measures Threaten Human Rights? Comparative Evidence from Indonesia and Hungary
Keywords:
Anti-Money Laundering, Human Rights, Legal PrinciplesAbstract
This research aims to analyse the principles of anti-money laundering legal policies from the perspective of human rights protection and to compare their implementation in Indonesia and Hungary. This research is a normative legal study with a conceptual, comparative, and legislative approach. The research results indicate that anti-money laundering policies must be built on the principles of legality, proportionality, accountability, transparency, due process of law, presumption of innocence, as well as privacy protection and non-discrimination, in order to ensure a balance between state interests and individual rights. Comparatively, Indonesia and Hungary share similarities in adopting international standards such as the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) recommendations, including the implementation of Know Your Customer and reporting suspicious transactions through institutions like the Financial Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre and the Financial Intelligence Unit Hungary. Therefore, future legal reforms need to be directed towards strengthening an adaptive risk-based approach, enhancing institutional coordination, utilising technology, and reaffirming the limits of state authority to create an effective, just, and human dignity-oriented legal system
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