THE IMPACT OF OVERFISHING OF BIGEYE TUNA (THUNNUS OBESUS) POPULATIONS ON THE BALANCE OF THE INDONESIAN MARINE ECOSYSTEM: A LITERATURE STUDY IN THE BANDA SEA

Abstract

Indonesia has a sea area of approximately 3.1 km2 including inland areas, archipelagic waters, territorial seas, the Exclusive Economic Zone. The length of Indonesia's coastline is estimated at around 54,716 km, making Indonesia the country with the second longest coastline after Canada. The length of this coastline reflects the diversity and richness of marine ecosystems in Indonesia and is rich in abundant fishery resources, one of which is bigeye tuna (Thunnus Obesus). The research method used in this article is a literature review which includes a comprehensive review of various scientific sources, research reports, and statistical data related to the impact of overfishing of bigeye tuna on the balance of the Indonesian marine ecosystem, especially in the Banda Sea. Overfishing practices have caused a decline in the population of this fish, with a significant impact on the balance of the marine ecosystem in the Banda Sea. Unsustainable fishing practices, the use of destructive fishing gear, and minimal supervision and law enforcement against illegal fishing practices have contributed to the decline in the population of bigeye tuna (Thunnus Obesus). The impacts of overfishing of bigeye tuna (Thunnus Obesus) are: Drastic Decrease in Tuna Population, Food Chain Imbalance, Impact on Other Species, Marine Habitat Damage, and Biodiversity Decline, thus becoming a national and global threat. To overcome the impacts of overfishing of bigeye tuna in the Banda Sea, it is necessary to set strict catch quotas, stricter supervision and law enforcement, use of environmentally friendly fishing gear, restoration of damaged marine habitats