PENGATURAN HUKUM TERHADAP TINDAK PIDANA EKOSIDA: KAJIAN PERBANDINGAN ANTARA INDONESIA DAN UKRAINA

Abstract

Large-scale and systematic environmental destruction has increasingly threatened ecological sustainability and human survival. These conditions have encouraged the development of ecocide as a serious environmental crime. Ukraine explicitly criminalizes ecocide through Article 441 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, while Indonesia has not yet regulated ecocide as an independent criminal offense within its legal system. This research employs normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The study analyzes the regulation of ecocide in Ukraine and compares it with environmental criminal law in Indonesia. The findings indicate that Ukraine adopts a formal offense approach and positions ecocide as a primum remedium, whereas Indonesia still treats severe environmental damage primarily through an ultimum remedium approach. Therefore, Ukrainian ecocide regulation may serve as a reference for Indonesian legal reform to strengthen environmental protection and ensure legal certainty in addressing massive environmental destruction