Keamanan Manusia Berbasis Ketahanan: Studi tentang Anak-Anak Migran Indonesia dan Muhammadiyah di Malaysia
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis menganalisis ancaman human security yang dialami anak-anak migran Indonesia di Malaysia, serta menelaah bagaimana Muhammadiyah berperan dalam membangun resiliensi mereka melalui pendidikan komunitas. Fenomena keterbatasan akses anak migran terhadap pendidikan formal, layanan kesehatan, dan perlindungan hukum menjadi isu utama yang diteliti. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus, penelitian ini mengandalkan studi literatur dan analisis dokumen dari laporan lembaga internasional, kebijakan bilateral Indonesia–Malaysia, serta dokumentasi program pendidikan Muhammadiyah di Sabah dan Sarawak. Analisis data dilakukan dengan teknik tematik untuk mengidentifikasi pola kerentanan dan kapasitas adaptif di tiga level: individu, komunitas, dan institusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun anak migran menghadapi kerentanan struktural akibat status undocumented, mereka mampu mengembangkan strategi adaptif melalui jaringan sosial, solidaritas komunitas, dan sekolah alternatif. Muhammadiyah berperan signifikan dalam menyediakan pendidikan berbasis komunitas yang tidak hanya membangun kapasitas akademik, tetapi juga memperkuat identitas sosial dan spiritual anak migran. Temuan ini berkontribusi pada pengembangan konsep resilience-based human security yang memperluas pemahaman teoritis sekaligus menawarkan model praktis perlindungan anak migran. Penelitian merekomendasikan perlunya kolaborasi multipihak dan penguatan kebijakan regional ASEAN agar perlindungan anak migran lebih inklusif dan berkelanjutan.
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