Trademark Registration Incentive Regulation for Small Businesses in Tourism: Human Rights and Protection Systems Comparison
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26740/jsh.v7n2.p488-519Abstract
This study aims to compare trademark protection systems adopted in Indonesia and Malaysia on exclusive rights to trademarks, especially in the human rights context, and to analyze regulations in both countries in supporting small business in the tourism sector through trademark registration incentives. The normative legal research method is used in this study by using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches with descriptive qualitative analysis. The study reveals that trademarks as intangible property rights and the right to own property can be considered human rights refer to Arts. 27(2) and 17 UDHR. To strengthen trademark protection in human rights and Intellectual Property Rights contexts, Indonesia adopts a first-to-file system where trademark registration is an obligation, because it protects those who file it first, as stipulated in Law No. 20 of 2016. Gianyar as tourism area in Bali-Indonesia has Regent Regulation Number 86 of 2021 that supports small businesses in tourism through trademark registration incentives. Meanwhile, Malaysia adopts a first-to-use trademark protection system stipulated in the Trademark Act 2019. However, trademark registration is an essential step to ensure business continuity. Both Indonesia and Malaysia governments have at least attempted to play a positive role in supporting the growth of their economies.
References
Alsamara, Tareck, Mohammed Iriqat, and Almokhtar Zamouna. 2025. “Legal Protection of Copyright in the Digital Era.” Journal of Ecohumanism 4(1):1905–11.
Antara, Made and Made Sri Sumarniasih. 2017. “Role of Tourism in Economy of Bali and Indonesia.” Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management 5(2):34–44.
Bainbridge, David I. 2010. Intellectual Property. Eight Edit. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.
DJKI. 2025. “Biaya Dan Cara Pendaftaran Merek.”
Ernawati, Dyah Poespita. 2019. “Development of the Tourism Industry as the Motor of Economic Growth in Indonesia.” International Journal of Science and Society 1(4):145–53.
Erviana, Alieffa Nanda. 2025. “Optimizing Intellectual Property Rights (Ipr) Protection In Local Creative Enterprises In Strengthening The Tourism Sector.” Journal of Law and Social Change Review 1(01):70–81.
Gunawan, Andi Lolo, Emilda Kuspraningrum, and Febri Noor Hediati. 2023. “Implementasi Penarikan Royalti Pengguna Lagu/Musik Pada Usaha Mikro, Kecil, Kafe Di Kota Samarinda.” Jurnal Suara Hukum 5(1):190–206.
Hasudungan, Albert, Dewa Gede Sidan Raeskyesa, Erica Novianti Lukas, and Fati Ramadhanti. 2021. “Analysis of the Tourism Sector in Indonesia Using the Input-Output and Error-Correction Model Approach.” Jurnal Ekonomi Bisnis Dan Kewirausahaan 10(1):73–90.
Indonesia.Go.Id. 2025. “PDB Per Kapita Meningkat, Konsumsi Rumah Tangga Jadi Andalan Ekonomi 2024.”
Indonesia, Direktorat Jenderal Kekayaan Intelektual. n.d. “Loloh Cemcem Penglipuran.”
IPIndo. 2025. “Merek Suara.”
Krasnikov, Alexander and Satish Jayachandran. 2022. “Building Brand Assets: The Role of Trademark Rights.” Journal of Marketing Research 59(5):1059–82.
Kurniawan, I. Gede Agus, Putu Aras Samsithawrati, and Ni Ketut Supasti Dharmawan. 2024. “Legal Protection for Intellectual Property Holders in Business Activities in The Era of The Industrial Revolution 4.0.” Jurisprudentie : Jurusan Ilmu Hukum Fakultas Syariah Dan Hukum 11(1):74–81.
Kurniawan, I. Gede Agus, Putu Aras Samsithawrati, Fradhana Putra Disantara, I. Nyoman Budiana, and Briggs Samuel Mawunyo Nutakor. 2025. “Utilitarianism Versus Communalism: A Legal Theory Analysis of Intellectual Property Rights Ethics in Global North and South.” Jambe Law Journal 8(1).
Kuswara, Rahma Maulida. 2025. “Perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia Dalam Konteks Pemindahan Paksa Penduduk Palestina Atas Rencana Relokasi 2025.”
Li, Shenxin. 2023. Research on The Copyright Law of Artificial Intelligence Generation. Vol. 3. Atlantis Press International BV.
Machfuzhoh, Asih and Ika Utami Widyaningsih. 2020. “Pelatihan Pembukuan Sederhana Bagi UMKM Menuju UMKM Naik Kelas Di Kecamatan Grogol.” Jurnal Pengabdian Dan Peningkatan Mutu Masyarakat (JANAYU) 1(2):109–16.
Malaysia, SME Corp. n.d. “SME Definition.”
Mardianto, Sebastian Edward and R. Rahaditya. 2024. “Analisis Ketentuan Hukum Dan Penerapan Sistem First to File Dalam Kasus Pembatalan Merek Terdaftar.” Ranah Research: Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development 7(1):149–56.
Mariana, Irma, Eleonora Sofilda, and Freddy Harris. 2025. “Geographical Indication Commercialisation Policy through Tourism Sector on Economic Prosperity.” OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development 18(03):51–64.
Mayana, Ranti Fauza. 2017. “Perlindungan Merek Non Tradisional Untuk Produk Ekonomi Kreatif Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2016 Tentang Merek, Indikasi Geografis Dan Perspektif Perbandingan Hukum.” Jurnal Bina Mulia Hukum 2(1):26–41.
Muh. Ali Masnun, Dicky Eko Prasetio, Mohd Badrol Awang, Eny Sulistyowati. 2024. “Reconstructing Indonesia’s Trademark Registration System through the Lens of General Principles of Good Governance to Realize Substantive Justice.” Journal of Law and Legal Reform 5(3):891–912.
Muh. Ali Masnun, Radhyca Nanda Pratama. 2020. “Analisis Penghapusan Merek Terdaftar Atas Prakarsa Menteri Karena Bertentangan Dengan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan.” IUS: Kajian Hukum Dan Keadilan 8(30):485–99.
Mundzir, Hudriyah, Khrisna Hadiwinata, Shohib Muslim, and Nandaru Ramadhan. 2023. “Legal Protection of Ownership of Intangible Assets in the Form of Trademarks for MSME Businesses in Indonesia.” JL Pol’y & Globalization 134:12.
Murjiyanto, Raden. 2018. “Legal Protection of the Registered Trademark Owner in the Constitutive System (First to File) in Indonesia.” P. 6014 in SHS Web of Conferences. Vol. 54. EDP Sciences.
Nations, United. 2025. “Universal Declaration of Human Rights.”
Ncube, Caroline B. 2024. “Access to Science, Technology, and Innovation: Intellectual Property, Human Rights, and Sustainable Development.” Pp. 522–36 in The Elgar Companion to Intellectual Property and the Sustainable Development Goals. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Nugraheni, Ninis. 2020. “Crowdfunding-Based Fiduciary Warrant in Providing Capital Loans for Small and Medium Enterprises.” Hasanuddin Law Review 6(3):224–31.
Ossai, Morrison Onyeka. 2025. “A Legal Overview Of The Role And Functions Of Trademark In The Global Commercial Spectrum.” Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Law Journal 9(1).
Pandey, Ananya and Achyutananda Mishra. 2025. “Conflict and Coexistence of Human Rights: An Exploratory Study with Reference to Intellectual Property Rights.” Journal of Human Rights and Social Work 1–12.
Puah, Chin-Hong, Meng-Chang Jong, Norazirah Ayob, and Shafinar Ismail. 2018. “The Impact of Tourism on the Local Economy in Malaysia.” International Journal of Business and Management 13(12):151–57.
Punchihewa, Nishantha Sampath. 2020. “Exploring the Use of Intellectual Property Tools to Promote Tourism Industry in Sri Lanka: A Legal Perspective.” Journal of Management and Tourism Research (JMTR) 3:27–30.
Purwaningsih, Endang. 2020. “Role of Trademark in Improving Legal and Competitive Awareness.” Law Reform 16(1):1–18.
Putri, Natasa Kumalasah. 2025. “No Title.” Liputan 6.
Rohman, Moh. Mujibur, Nashrul Mu’minin, Mowafg Masuwd, and Elihami Elihami. 2024. “Methodological Reasoning Finds Law Using Normative Studies (Theory, Approach and Analysis of Legal Materials).” Maqasidi: Jurnal Syariah Dan Hukum 4(2):204–21.
Sakti, Muthia and Dwi Aryanti Ramadhani. 2023. “Halal Certification of Micro and Small Enterprises’ Food Products for Consumer Protection.” Amsir Law Journal 5(1):23–36.
Samosir, Prisca Oktaviani and Aida Mustafa. 2020. “Legal Protection Implications on Trademark in Indonesia by Comparing the First to Use and First to File Principles.” Pp. 143–46 in International Conference on Law Reform (INCLAR 2019). Atlantis Press.
Samsithawrati, Putu Aras. 2024. “Revolusi Repackaging Jumbo Makanan Ringan: Identitas Merek Dan Desain Industri Di Pasar Online.” Jurnal Analisis Hukum 7(1):1–22.
Samsithawrati, Putu Aras, Ni Ketut Supasti Dharmawan, Made Aditya Pramana Putra, and Dewa Ayu Dian Sawitri. 2024. “Traditional Knowledge and Traditional Cultural Expressions as Communal Intellectual Property: Are They Protected Under the WIPO Treaty on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources, and Associated Traditional Knowledge 2024?” Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia 7(1):1–26.
Seek, Jobstreet by. 2025. “Daftar Lengkap UMP 2025 Terbaru Untuk Setiap Provinsi Di Indonesia.”
Sugirman, Andi, Jumriani Nawawi, Irfan Amir, and Dinesha Samararatne. 2025. “Integration of Constitutional Law and Human Rights: A Comparative Study between Indonesia and South Africa.” Jurnal Suara Hukum 7(1).
Supasti, Ni Ketut. 2014. “Relevansi Hak Kekayaan Intelektual Dengan Hak Asasi Manusia Generasi Kedua.” Jurnal Dinamika Hukum 14(3):518–27.
TrademarkPatent.net. n.d. “Does Malaysia Follow ‘First to File’ or ‘First to Use’ Rule?”
Wendur, Aldo H. B. 2024. “Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Hak Kekayaan Intelektual Di Era Digital Dalam Penggunaan Artificial Intelligence.” Lex Administratum 12(2).
WIPO. 2025. “Indonesia.”
WTO. 2024. “Members and Observers.”
WTO. 2025. “What Is the WTO?”
Xiaotian, Yu. 2024. “Optimization and Improvement of the Compulsory Transfer System of Registered Trademarks--Comments on the Relevant Provisions of the Revised Draft of the Trademark Law (Draft for Comment).” International Journal of Frontiers in Sociology 6(6).
Zakiya, Warda. 2025. “Role And Protection Of Trademarks As Business Identity In Intellectual Property Rights.” Journal of Law and Social Change Review 1(01):43–52.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Putu Aras Samsithawrati, Ni Ketut Supasti Dharmawan, Made Aditya Pramana Putra, Dewa Ayu Dian Sawitri, Tan Jian Hong
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Abstract views: 161
,
PDF Downloads: 286
