Redesigning the Provision of Aggravation in Property Crime during the Pandemic

Dwiki Oktobrian; Handityo Basworo; Syarafina Amalia; Fernando Basuki; Euodia Lumempow; Vaibhav  Jain

doi:10.26740/jsh.v6n2.p206-227

Authors

Dwiki Oktobrian Universitas Jenderal Soedirman
Handityo Basworo Universitas Jenderal Soedirman
Syarafina Amalia Universitas Jenderal Soedirman
Fernando Basuki Universitas Jenderal Soedirman
Euodia Lumempow Universitas Jenderal Soedirman
Vaibhav Jain Renaissance Law College

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26740/jsh.v6n2.p206-227

Abstract

One of the things that has been potentially overlooked in the development of criminal law during the Covid-19 pandemic is how the Prosecutor's Office and the Courts view the seriousness of property crimes. Every state has set up a social safety net to ensure that individuals are able to live without hunger despite the economic slowdown, and this initiative also comes along with a more intense social concern from the social environment. This article seeks to uncover the patterns of prosecution and imprisonment by judges for property crimes during the pandemic, which are inappropriate as everyone experiences family loss and economic hardship. The primary data in this article uses interviews with prosecutors and judges, then validates it in data on the length of prison charges and prison sentences recorded in the Case Tracking Information System (SIPP) in the Semarang District Court, Banyumas District Court, and Purwokerto District Court. The results of this research reveal two important things. First, prosecutors and judges in Indonesia during the Covid-19 pandemic did not aggravate prison charges and prison sanctions, even the Penitentiary tended to accelerate the assimilation process or shorten the duration of imprisonment. Second, property crimes committed during the pandemic are relevant to aggravate the threats and penalties, because they make life difficult for people who are financially and psychologically weak. Indonesia should consider revising the sentencing guidelines in the National Criminal Code before it becomes effective in 2026.

References

(Dading), M. A. (1986). Hukum Pidana Bagian Khusus (KUHP Buku II) Jilid 1 (Alumni (ed.)).

Adhari, A. (2020). Pembaharuan Sistem Hukum Pelaksanaan Pidana. Deepublish.

Aeni, N. (2021). Pandemi COVID-19: Dampak Kesehatan, Ekonomi, & Sosial. Jurnal Litbang: Media Informasi Penelitian, Pengembangan Dan IPTEK. https://doi.org/10.33658/jl.v17i1.249

Amin, C., Wibowo, A. A., Danardono, Mayangsari, N. A. A., & Noermartanto, C. A. T. (2024). Is There a Spatial Relation between COVID-19 Incidents and Unemployment? A Case of East Java Province, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Sciencenvironmental Science,. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1291/l/012009

Barford, A., McCarthy, G., Mueller, G., Osborne, H., Pratiwi, A. M., Pradhan, K., & Shrestha, S. (2024). Mortgaged futures: fractured livelihoods and youth debts during COVID-19. Journal of Youth Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2023.2299256

Bassar, S. (1998). Tindak-tindak Pidana Dalam KUHP. CV Remaja Karya.

Budastra, I. K. (2020). Dampak Sosial Ekonomi Covid-19 Dan Program Potensial Untuk Penanganannya: Studi Kasus Di Kabupaten Lombok Barat. JURNAL AGRIMANSION. https://doi.org/10.29303/agrimansion.v21i1.321

Chernoff, W. A. (2021). The new normal of web camera theft on campus during COVID-19 and the impact of anti-theft signage. Crime Science, 10(1), 23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40163-021-00159-4

Felson, R. B., Osgood, D. W., Cundiff, P. R., & Wiernik, C. (2019). Life in the Fast Lane: Drugs, Hedonistic Lifestyles, and Economic Crime. Crime and Delinquency. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128718800282

Fleetwood, J. (2020). Social justice, food loss, and the sustainable development goals in the era of COVID-19. Sustainability (Switzerland). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12125027

Frans Maramis. (2012). Hukum Pidana Umum dan Tertulis di Indonesia. Raja Grafindo Persada.

Garbatovich, D. A. (2021). On the Degree of Impact of Qualifying Attributes and Aggravating Circumstances on Punishment Imposition. Russian Judge. https://doi.org/10.18572/1812-3791-2021-2-29-31

Gautama, M., & Subroto, M. (2022). Pelaksanaan Pemberian Asimilasi Rumah Bagi Narapidana di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas II B Sumedang di Tahun 2022. Law, Development and Justice Review. https://doi.org/10.14710/ldjr.v5i1.16057

Hartono, F., & Subroto, M. (2022). Implementasi Kebijakan Asimilasi Rumah Dalam Pencegahan Penularan Covid-19 Di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas IIA Kediri. Jurnal Mediasosian : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Administrasi Negara. https://doi.org/10.30737/mediasosian.v6i1.2411

Helmi, M. (2020). Penemuan Hukum oleh Hakim Berdasarkan Paradigma Konstruktivisme. Kanun Jurnal Ilmu Hukum. https://doi.org/10.24815/kanun.v22i1.14792

I Made Ngurah Adi Kusumadewa, Sugiartha, I. N. G., & Widyantara, I. M. M. (2022). Sanksi Pidana terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Penipuan dalam Pencucian Uang Pada PT. Purnama Kertasindo Jakarta Timur. Jurnal Konstruksi Hukum. https://doi.org/10.22225/jkh.3.1.4417.178-183

Ikeda, T., Igarashi, A., Odani, S., Murakami, M., & Tabuchi, T. (2022). Health-Related Quality of Life during COVID-19 Pandemic: Assessing Impacts of Job Loss and Financial Support Programs in Japan. Applied Research in Quality of Life. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-021-09918-6

Jailani Tanjung, A. K., Purwadi, H., & Hartiwiningsih. (2019). Paradigma Hakim Dalam Memutuskan Perkara Pidana Di Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum Dan Pembangunan Ekonomi, 7(1), 39. https://doi.org/10.20961/hpe.v7i1.29178

Janko, Z., & Popli, G. (2015). Examining the link between crime and unemployment: a time-series analysis for Canada. Applied Economics. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2015.1023942

Jiang, X., Zheng, Z., Zheng, Y., & Mao, Z. (2023). Spatiotemporal Distribution and Influencing Factors of Theft during the Pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 Periods: A Case Study of Haining City, Zhejiang, China. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12050189

Khoirunurrofik, K., Abdurrachman, F., & Rachmanto, U. N. (2022). Socioeconomic and policy determinants of mobility during COVID-19: Evidence from Indonesian cities. Journal of Urban Management. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jum.2022.07.003

Kompas. (2021). Ambulans Covid-19 Jadi Sasaran Pembegalan, Kini Polisi Buru Tujuh Pelaku. https://regional.kompas.com/read/2021/07/06/104838478/ambulans-covid-19-jadi-sasaran-pembegalan-kini-polisi-buru-tujuh-pelaku?page=all

Kumparan. (2020). Mewaspadai Maraknya Begal Sepeda di Tengah Pandemi. https://kumparan.com/kumparannews/mewaspadai-maraknya-begal-sepeda-di-tengah-pandemi-1uTS0e2Z4me

Kurniadi, A. R. (2022). Kebijakan Hukum Pidana Dalam Penanggulangan Tindak Pidana Penadahan Yang Berhubugan Dengan Tindak Pidana Pencurian. JURNAL HUKUM MEDIA JUSTITIA NUSANTARA. https://doi.org/10.30999/mjn.v12i1.2060

Lamintang, P. A. F., & Samosir, D. (2019). Delik-Delik Khusus : Kejahatan Yang Ditujukan Terhadap Hak Milik Dan Lain-Lain Hak Yang Timbul Dari Hak Milik. Nuansa Aulia.

Larasati, N. U. (2018). Efek Prisonisasi dan Urgensi Pemberian Pidana Alternatif bagi First Offender. Deviance Jurnal Kriminologi.

Media Indonesia. (2020). Lima Bulan Pandemi Covid-19, Kriminalitas Naik 7 Persen. https://mediaindonesia.com/megapolitan/314036/lima-bulan-pandemi-covid-19-kriminalitas-naik-7-persen

Mortazavi, S. S., Assari, S., Alimohamadi, A., Rafiee, M., & Shati, M. (2020). Fear, Loss, Social Isolation, and Incomplete Grief Due to COVID-19: A Recipe for a Psychiatric Pandemic. Basic and Clinical Neuroscience. https://doi.org/10.32598/bcn.11.covid19.2549.1

Muladi, & Arief, B. N. (1992). Teori-Teori Dan Kebijakan Pidana. Alumni.

Nurbaningsih, E. (2015). Draft Naskah Akademik Rancangan Undang-Undang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) Tahun 2012 poin H. Badan Pembinaan Hukum Nasional Kementerian Hukum Dan Hak Asasi Manusia Republik Indonesia.

Paramasivan, K., Subburaj, R., Jaiswal, S., & Sudarsanam, N. (2022). Empirical evidence of the impact of mobility on property crimes during the first two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-022-01393-0

Republika. (2020). Kasus Begal Marak di Bandung Akibat Pandemi Covid-19. https://news.republika.co.id/berita/qg2h6h330/kasus-begal-marak-di-bandung-akibat-pandemi-covid19

Rivanie, S. S., Muchtar, S., Muin, A. M., Prasetya, A. M. D., & Rizky, A. (2022). Perkembangan Teori-teori Tujuan Pemidanaan. Halu Oleo Law Review. https://doi.org/10.33561/holrev.v6i2.4

Sabran, S., Apridar, A., & Abrar, M. (2023). Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Unemployment in Indonesia. International Journal of Quantitative Research and Modeling. https://doi.org/10.46336/ijqrm.v4i1.415

Shanahan, M. (2015). Discipline identity in economic history: Reflecting on an interdisciplinary community. Arts and Humanities in Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474022214549437

Sparrow, R., Dartanto, T., & Hartwig, R. (2020). Indonesia Under the New Normal: Challenges and the Way Ahead. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2020.1854079

Stam, M. T. C., Wermink, H. T., Blokland, A. A. J., & Been, J. (2023). The effects of imprisonment length on recidivism: a judge stringency instrumental variable approach. Journal of Experimental Criminology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-023-09566-w

Su, Y. (Joyce), & Zhou, D. (2023). The impact of COVID-19 on physical and mental health: A longitudinal study. SSM - Population Health, 24(August), 101538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101538

Triana, A. A., & Fauzi, A. M. (2020). Dampak Pandemi Corona Virus Diserse 19 Terhadap Meningkatnya Kriminalitas Pencurian Sepeda Motor Di Surabaya. Syiah Kuala Law Journal. https://doi.org/10.24815/sklj.v4i3.18742

Wahyuddin, I., Murtiningsih, S., & Habibah, S. (2023). Kejahatan Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Perspektif Filsafat Kehendak Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860). HUMANIS: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Dan Humaniora. https://doi.org/10.52166/humanis.v15i2.4751

Wermink, H., Been, J., Schuyt, P., van Wijck, P., & Blokland, A. (2023). The price of retribution: evidence from the willingness to pay for short-term prison sentences compared to community service orders. Journal of Experimental Criminology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-023-09583-9

Wicaksono, A. B., Haryadi, H., & Munandar, T. I. (2021). Fenomena Pencurian dengan Kekerasan di Masa Pandemi Covid 19: Mampukah Hukum Bekerja ? PAMPAS: Journal of Criminal Law. https://doi.org/10.22437/pampas.v2i3.15778

Worldometer. (2024). Total Coronavirus Cases in Indonesia. https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/indonesia/

Zakiyah, N. (2016). Hazairin Dan Penghapusan Pidana Penjara Pendek. Al-Ahkam. https://doi.org/10.21580/ahkam.2016.26.2.996