International Law in the Sudanese War 2023: An Overview of the Conflict and Law Enforcement

Authors

  • Yordan Gunawan Universitat Pompeu Fabra
  • Muh Raqi Pratama Putra Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
  • Muh Faqih Al Khairi Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
  • Mohammad Hazyar Arumbinang University of Melbourne, Australia

Abstract

In early 2023, Sudan faced significant turmoil primarily driven by a civil war involving prominent military factions. The conflict stemmed from a power struggle and ideological differences between General Abdel Fattah Al Burhan, who assumed leadership of the armed forces and presidency, and his deputy, General Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, who also heads the Paramilitary Rapid Support Force (RSF). This research aims to analyze the Sudanese conflict's impact on the population and the role of international law in addressing violations during the crisis. The war has exacted a heavy toll on Sudanese civilians, resulting in substantial loss of life and exacerbating humanitarian crises across the country. International law emerges as a crucial avenue for holding accountable those responsible for violations, encompassing both military and civilian populations. Employing sociolegal juridical methods, this study examines existing data pertaining to the Sudanese conflict and scrutinizes how international organizations enforce legal standards within this context. By leveraging international legal frameworks, this research advocates for applying legal sanctions to address violations committed by the Sudanese government and associated military factions. This approach seeks to provide legal recourse and justice for affected civilians while highlighting the imperative of international law in fostering accountability and peace amid ongoing conflict.

Author Biographies

Yordan Gunawan, Universitat Pompeu Fabra

Yordan Gunawan is a Senior Lecturer at the Faculty of Law and also serves as the Editor in Chief of the Scopus-indexed Jurnal Media Hukum. He holds a Bachelor's degree from Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta and pursued further studies at the National Cheng Kung University in Taiwan, Republic of China. Additionally, Yordan completed his studies at the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva, Switzerland, where he obtained a certificate in International Human Rights and Humanitarian Law.

Currently, he is a PhD Researcher at the Department of International Law and International Relations, Faculty of Law, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain.

Yordan's research areas encompass Public International Law, International Dispute Settlement, Law of International Organizations, and International Environmental Law. He is actively engaged in writing scholarly articles that are published in various national and international journals.

Furthermore, Yordan holds the position of Chairman of the Association of International Offices of Muhammadiyah Higher Education Institution (ASKUI PTMA). In this capacity, he leads more than 90 International Offices in Indonesia, building upon his previous two-term position as a Director of the International Relations Office at the University.

Moreover, Yordan currently serves as the Chairman of Muhammadiyah Spain and is dedicated to his role as a member of the 2024 Overseas General Election Committee in Madrid, Spain.

For any inquiries, Yordan can be reached at yordangunawan@umy.ac.id.

 

Muh Raqi Pratama Putra, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Muh Raqi Pratama Putra is an Undergraduate Student at the Department of International Program for Law and Sharia (IPOLS), Faculty of Law, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. Muh Raqi Pratama Putra can be contacted via email at muhammad.raqi.law22@mail.umy.ac.id

 

 

Muh Faqih Al Khairi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Muh Faqih Al Khairi is an Undergraduate Student at the Department of International Program for Law and Sharia (IPOLS), Faculty of Law, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. Muh Faqih Al Khairi can be contacted via email at muhammad.faqih.law22@mail.umy.ac.id

 

 

Mohammad Hazyar Arumbinang, University of Melbourne, Australia

Mohammad Hazyar Arumbinang is a Junior Researcher associated with the Faculty of Law and concurrently serves as the Editorial Assistant for the Scopus-indexed Jurnal Media Hukum. He earned his Bachelor's degree from Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. He pursued a Master of Laws at the School of Law, the University of Melbourne, Australia, where he was also awarded the prestigious Australia Awards Scholarship.

Arumbinang's research interests span across various fields, including Public International Law, Refugee Law, International Human Rights Law, Law of International Organizations, International Environmental Law, and Climate Change Law. He actively contributes to the academic community by producing scholarly articles that are published in reputable national and international journals.

For any inquiries, Arumbinang can be contacted at  marumbinang@student.unimelb.edu.au

 

 

References

Abay, K. A., Breisinger, C., Glauber, J., Kurdi, S., Laborde, D., & Siddig, K. (2023). The Russia-Ukraine war: Implications for global and regional food security and potential policy responses. Global Food Security, 36, 100675

Cau, B. M. (2020). Area-level normative social context and intimate partner physical violence in Mozambique. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 35(15–16), 2754–2779

Zahra, A., & Irana, T. P. (2023). Perebutan Kekuasaan Antara Pasukan Militer Dan RSF (Rapid Support Forces) Kobarkan Perang Saudara di Sudan

Dizaji, S. F., & Farzanegan, M. R. (2021). Do sanctions constrain military spending of Iran? Defence and Peace Economics, 32(2), 125–150

Gurinda, N. C. H. (2019). Peran PBB Dalam Perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia Menurut Kajian Hukum Internasional. Lex Et Societatis, 7(9)

Hochman, G., Zhang, H., Xia, L., Robock, A., Saketh, A., van der Mensbrugghe, D. Y., & Jägermeyr, J. (2022). Economic incentives modify agricultural impacts of nuclear war. Environmental Research Letters, 17(5), 054003

Irmawati, I. (2022). Peran lembaga international dalam menegakkan hukum pidana international. Jurnal.

Latipulhayat, A. (2021). Hukum internasional: Sumber-Sumber Hukum. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika

Melissa, W., Nadida, C. T., Sari, R. L., & Kurnia, I. (2021). Sudut Pandang Human Rights Watch Mengenai Isu Kejahatan Kemanusiaan Dan Kekerasan Seksual Di Sudan Selatan. Prosiding Serina, 1(1), 731-740

Milton, A. H., Rahman, M., Hussain, S., Jindal, C., Choudhury, S., Akter, S., Efird, J. T. (2017). Trapped in Statelessness: Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(8)

Mohamed Nour, S. S. O., & Abdalla, E. M. (2021). Food security in Sudan: The case of Kassala state. World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, 18(4), 474–493

Robertson, S. (2021). The Role of the UN International Drug Control Conventions in Facilitating Law Enforcement Cooperation in the Policing of Transnational Drug Trafficking. Contemporary Challenges: The Global Crime, Justice and Security Journal, 2, 172–191

Sakarombe, E. (2023). Challenges Facing the International Criminal in Trying to Accomplish its Mission Focusing on Omar Al Bashir’s Prosecution. International Journal of Law and Public Policy (IJLAPP), 5(1), 7–19

Sassi, M. (2021). Coping strategies of food insecure households in conflict areas: The case of south sudan. Sustainability, 13(15), 8615

Scheffran, J., Ide, T., & Schilling, J. (2014). Violent climate or climate of violence? Concepts and relations with focus on Kenya and Sudan. The International Journal of Human Rights, 18(3), 369–390

Schwartz, L., Nakonechna, M., Campbell, G., Brunner, D., Stadler, C., Schmid, M., Bürgin, D. (2022). Addressing the mental health needs and burdens of children fleeing war: A field update from ongoing mental health and psychosocial support efforts at the Ukrainian border. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 13(2), 2101759

Shodunke, A. O. (2022). Enforcement of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown orders in Nigeria: Evidence of public (non) compliance and police illegalities. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 77, 103082

Skårås, M. (2019). Constructing a national narrative in civil war: History teaching and national unity in South Sudan. Comparative Education, 55(4), 517–535

Smith, D. M. (2023). Endless Holocausts: Mass Death in the History of the United States Empire. NYU Press

Szabó, Z. (2021). The History of the Darfur Conflict and Its Recent Developments. Journal of Central and Eastern European African Studies, 1(4), 82–96

VOA Indonesia. (2023, 10). Korban Tewas Akibat Perang di Sudan Sudah Lampaui 600 Orang. VOA Indonesia. Retrieved from https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/korban-tewas-akibat-perang-di-sudan-sudah-lampaui-600-orang/7086714.html

Walsh, J. I., Conrad, J. M., & Whitaker, B. E. (2023). Rebel human rights abuses during civil wars: Introducing the rebel human rights violations dataset. Journal of Peace Research, 00223433221147940

White, N. D. (2020). The law of international organizations. In The law of international organizations (third edition). Manchester: Manchester University Press

Downloads

Published

2024-06-21

Issue

Vol. 6 No. 1 (2024): Jurnal Suara Hukum

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2024 Yordan Gunawan, Muh Raqi Pratama Putra, Muh Faqih Al Khairi, Mohammad Hazyar Arumbinang

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Author(s) who wish to publish with this journal should agree to the following terms:

  1. Author(s) retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 License (CC BY-NC) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the works authorship and initial publication in this journal for noncommercial purposes.
  2. Author(s) are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journals published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.

The publisher publish and distribute the Article with the copyright notice to the Jurnal Suara Hukum with the article license CC-BY-NC 4.0.

Abstract views: 219 , PDF Downloads: 96