Potensi Ekstrak Piper methysticum (Piperaceae) sebagai Insektisida Botani untuk Pengendalian Hama Plutella xylostella
Abstract
Dampak negatif yang disebabkan oleh insektisida sintetik, menjadikan insektisida botani sebagai alternatif dalam pengendalian hama tanaman. Piper methysticum merupakan tanaman obat yang berasal dari Papua yang mempunyai potensi sebagai insektisida botani. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji aktivitas ekstrak n-hexane dan etil asetat P. methysticum sebagai insektisida, hambatan makan atau antifeedant dan penghambatan berat larva P. xylostella. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan beberapa perlakuan konsentrasi ekstrak n-hexane dan etil asetat P. methysticum, yaitu konsentrasi 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 3500, dan 4000 ppm. Pengujian menggunakan metode celup pakan, setiap perlakuan menggunakan 20 larva dan diulang empat kali. Data yang diperoleh adalah mortalitas larva, jumlah pakan yang dimakan dan pertambahan berat larva P. xylostella dari intar II sampai menjadi pupa. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis varians dengan uji lanjut jarak berganda Duncan. Nilai LC50 ditentukan dengan analisis probit menggunakan program POLO PC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun P. methysticum mempunyai sifat insektisida, antifeedant dan penghambat berat larva P. xylostella. Ekstrak n-hexane daun P. methysticum memperlihatkan aktivitas insektisida yang paling kuat dengan tingkat mortalitas 63,33% dengan LC50 4,047 ppm, konsentrasi 0,015-0,38% menyebabkan hambatan makan 11,69- 85,54% dan hambatan berat larva 34,75-81,88%.
The negative impact caused by synthetic insecticides, encorages the use of botanical insecticides as an alternative in the control of plant pests. Piper methysticum is a native medicinal plant of Papua which has potential as a botanical insecticide. This study aimed to extract the activity of n-hexane and ethyl acetate P. methysticum as insecticides, barriers eat or antifeedant and severe inhibition of P. xylostella larvae. Research was carried out using completely randomized design with multiple treatment concentration of n-hexane extract and ethyl acetate P. methysticum is a concentration of 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 3500 and 4000 ppm. Tests using food dye method, each using 20 larvae and the treatment was repeated four times. The data obtained was mortality of larvae, the amount of eaten feed and the gained weight of instar II larvae of P. xylostella to become pupae. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance with multiple range test Duncant further. LC50 values determined by probit your analysis using the program POLO PC. The results showed that the leaf extract of P. methysticum have insecticidal properties, antifeedant and inhibitors of P. xylostella larval weight. N-hexane extract of leaves of P. methysticum showed that the most potent insecticidal activity with a mortality rate of 63.33% with LC50 4,047 ppm, the concentration of 0.015 to 0.38% lead barriers and obstacles to eat from 11.69 to 85.54% weight of larvae 34, 75 to 81.88%.
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