Memahami Penyebaran Berita Palsu di Ranah Digital Ambon: Dampak Sosial dan Keterbatasan Pendekatan Deteksi yang Ada Saat Ini
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26740/jsm.v9n2.p601-625Kata Kunci:
Fake News, Online Social Networks, Local Media, Misinformation, Societal ImpactAbstrak
Penyebaran berita palsu melalui jejaring sosial daring menimbulkan tantangan global, namun dinamika peredarannya dalam ekosistem media lokal – terutama di wilayah perifer seperti Ambon, Indonesia – masih jarang dikaji. Studi ini mengeksplorasi karakteristik sirkulasi berita palsu di lingkungan digital Ambon, dampaknya terhadap masyarakat, serta keterbatasan pendekatan deteksi berbasis kecerdasan buatan yang tersedia saat ini. Dengan menggunakan desain penelitian metode campuran, kajian ini menganalisis konten berita palsu di platform media sosial lokal, wawancara dengan pemangku kepentingan, dan mengevaluasi relevansi teknologi deteksi yang ada dalam konteks lokal. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa berita palsu di Ambon kerap memanfaatkan isu sensitif budaya, agama, dan politik, yang menyebabkan fragmentasi sosial dan penurunan kepercayaan terhadap media yang sah. Selain itu, sistem deteksi arus utama terbukti tidak efektif secara lokal karena kendala bahasa, konteks, dan infrastruktur. Studi ini menekankan perlunya kerangka deteksi yang peka konteks dan berbasis komunitas serta memberikan perspektif baru tentang tata kelola disinformasi di ekosistem digital lokal.
Referensi
Abiri, Gilad, and Johannes Buchheim. 2022. “Beyond True and False: Fake News and the Digital Epistemic Divide.” Michigan Technology Law Review (29.1):59. doi: 10.36645/mtlr.29.1.beyond.
Aldoseri, Abdulaziz, Khalifa N. Al-Khalifa, and Abdel Magid Hamouda. 2023. “Re- Thinking Data Strategy and Integration for Artificial Intelligence: Concepts, Opportunities, and Challenges.” Applied Sciences 13(12):7082. doi: 10.3390/app13127082.
Allcott, Hunt, and Matthew Gentzkow. 2017. “Social Media and Fake News in the 2016 Election.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 31(2):211–36. doi: 10.1257/jep.31.2.211.
Anjelia, Lydia Okva, Deddy Mulyana, and Jenny Ratna Suminar. 2024. “The Role of Indonesian Doctors as Content Creators in Fighting Health Hoaxes, Myths, and Stigma on Social Media.” Jurnal Komunikasi Indonesia 13(2). doi: 10.7454/jkmi.v13i2.1253.
Asrifan, Andi. 2025. “Navigating Ethical Dilemmas in AI-Powered Translation.” Pp.
327–56 in Role of AI in Translation and Interpretation.
Asrifan, Andi, and Mohammed H. Alaqad. 2025. “Evolution of AI in Interpretation.”
Pp. 63–94 in Role of AI in Translation and Interpretation.
Bastick, Zach. 2021. “Would You Notice If Fake News Changed Your Behavior? An Experiment on the Unconscious Effects of Disinformation.” Computers in Human Behavior 116(12):106633. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106633.
Beauvais, Catherine. 2022. “Fake News: Why Do We Believe It?” Joint Bone Spine
89(4):105371. doi: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2022.105371.
Chen, Long, Jianguo Chen, and Chunhe Xia. 2022. “Social Network Behavior and Public Opinion Manipulation.” Journal of Information Security and Applications 64(1):103060. doi: 10.1016/j.jisa.2021.103060.
Cury, Ricardo C., Istvan Megyeri, Tony Lindsey, Robson Macedo, Juan Batlle, Shwan Kim, Brian Baker, Robert Harris, and Reese H. Clark. 2021. “Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning for Detection of Respiratory Illness by Chest CT Imaging and Tracking of COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States.” Radiology: Cardiothoracic Imaging 3(1):e200596. doi: 10.1148/ryct.2021200596.
Delante, Nimrod L. 2024. “Trolling and Fake News Diminish Critical Analysis and Morality: Insights from Philippine Newspapers and Trolling Narratives.” Pp. 141– 63 in Handbook of Social Media Use Online Relationships, Security, Privacy, and Society, Volume 2. Elsevier.
Duckert, Melanie. 2023. “The Futures of Hybrid Work: A Socio-Technical Framework for Designing Hybrid Environments.” Pp. 441–43 in Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing. New York, NY, USA: ACM.
Fawzi, Nayla, Steindl Nina, Obermaier Magdalena, Prochazka Fabian, Arlt Dorothee, Blöbaum Bernd, Dohle Marco, Engelke Katherine M., Hanitzsch Thomas, Jackob Nikolaus, Jakobs Ilka, Klawier Tilman, Post Senja, Reinemann Carsten, Schweiger Wolfgang, and Marc and Ziegele. 2021. “Concepts, Causes and
Consequences of Trust in News Media – a Literature Review and Framework.” Annals of the International Communication Association 45(2):154–74. doi: 10.1080/23808985.2021.1960181.
Gilad, Sharon. 2021. “Mixing Qualitative and Quantitative Methods in Pursuit of Richer Answers to Real-World Questions.” Public Performance & Management Review 44(5):1075–99. doi: 10.1080/15309576.2019.1694546.
Gong, Y., L. Shang, and D. Wang. 2024. “Integrating Social Explanations Into Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) for Combating Misinformation: Vision and Challenges.” IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems 11(5):6705–26. doi: 10.1109/TCSS.2024.3404236.
Harmakaputra, Hans A., and Luthfi Rahman. 2021. “From Toleration to Solidarity: Muslim‐Christian Relations in Indonesia during the COVID‐19 Pandemic.” The Muslim World 111(4):616–38. doi: 10.1111/muwo.12416.
Hatala, Rifaldi, and Nurainy Latuconsina. 2023. “Transformasi Digital Di Pedesaan: Evaluasi Implementasi Sistem Informasi Desa Di Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat.” Populis: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik 18(1):104–25. doi: 10.30598/populis.18.1.104-125.
Hendren, Kathryn, Kathryn Newcomer, Sanjay K. Pandey, Margaret Smith, and Nicole Sumner. 2023. “How Qualitative Research Methods Can Be Leveraged to Strengthen Mixed Methods Research in Public Policy and Public Administration?” Public Administration Review 83(3):468–85. doi: 10.1111/puar.13528.
Hijrah, Hijrah, Said Lestaluhu, and La Jaali. 2024. “Etnisitas, Demokrasi Lokal, Dan Komunikasi Politik: Praktik Mobilisasi Pada Pilkada Maluku Tengah.” Populis: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik 18(2):206–20. doi: 10.30598/populis.18.2.206-220.
Hui, Jennifer Yang. 2020. “Social Media and the 2019 Indonesian Elections: Hoax
Takes the Centre Stage.” Southeast Asian Affairs SEAA20(1):155–74. doi: 10.1355/aa20-1i.
Jones-Jang, S. Mo, and Yong Jin Park. 2022. “How Do People React to AI Failure? Automation Bias, Algorithmic Aversion, and Perceived Controllability” edited by
M. Yao. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 28(1). doi: 10.1093/jcmc/zmac029.
Khalyubi, Wildhan, and Aditya Perdana. 2021. “Electoral Manipulation Informationally on Hoax Production in 2019 Presidential and Vice Presidential Election in Indonesia.” Journal of Government and Political Issues 1Khalyubi,(2 SE-Articles):87–99. doi: 10.53341/jgpi.v1i2.17.
Kilmanun, Febyyola Welmina, and Sandra Ivonnie Telussa. 2025. “Transformasi Informasi Digital Untuk Pelayanan Publik Dan Pembangunan Daerah Tertinggal: Studi Strategis Atas Peran Diskominfo Kabupaten Maluku Tenggara.” Populis: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik 19(2):185–99. doi: 10.30598/populis.19.2.185-199.
Lavanya, PM., and E. Sasikala. 2021. “Deep Learning Techniques on Text Classification Using Natural Language Processing (NLP) In Social Healthcare Network: A Comprehensive Survey.” Pp. 603–9 in 2021 3rd International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication (ICPSC). IEEE.
Lecheler, Sophie, and Jana Laura Egelhofer. 2022. “Disinformation, Misinformation, and Fake News.” Pp. 69–87 in Knowledge Resistance in High-Choice Information Environments. London: Routledge.
Li, Xi, and Lili Jia. 2025. “English Text Topic Classification Using BERT-Based Model.” Journal of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering 25(1):669–84. doi: 10.1177/14727978251321982.
Mahy, Petra, Monika Winarnita, and Nicholas Herriman. 2022. “Influencing the Influencers: Regulating the Morality of Online Conduct in Indonesia.” Policy & Internet 14(3):574–96. doi: 10.1002/poi3.321.
Mangold, Frank, Marko Bachl, and Fabian Prochazka. 2024. “How News Audiences Allocate Trust in the Digital Age: A Figuration Perspective.” Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 101(4):955–80. doi: 10.1177/10776990221100515.
Mukherjee, Rahul. 2020. “Mobile Witnessing on WhatsApp: Vigilante Virality and the Anatomy of Mob Lynching.” South Asian Popular Culture 18(1):79–101. doi: 10.1080/14746689.2020.1736810.
Papacharissi, Zizi. 2020. “Affective Publics.” Pp. 61–75 in The Oxford Handbook of Digital Media Sociology. Oxford University Press.
Phippen, Andy, Emma Bond, and Ellen Buck. 2021. “Effective Strategies for Information Literacy Education: Combatting ‘Fake News’ and Empowering Critical Thinking.” Pp. 39–53 in Future Directions in Digital Information, edited by D. Baker and L. B. T.-F. D. in D. I. Ellis. Elsevier.
Pröllochs, Nicolas. 2022. “Community-Based Fact-Checking on Twitter’s Birdwatch Platform.” Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 16(12):794–805. doi: 10.1609/icwsm.v16i1.19335.
Qasim, Rukhma, Waqas Haider Bangyal, Mohammed A. Alqarni, and Abdulwahab Ali Almazroi. 2022. “A Fine-Tuned BERT-Based Transfer Learning Approach for Text Classification” edited by R. Taiar. Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2022:1–17. doi: 10.1155/2022/3498123.
Rahman, Rofi Aulia, and Shu-Mei Tang. 2022. “Fake News and Internet Shutdowns in Indonesia: Symptoms of Failure to Uphold Democracy.” Constitutional Review 8(1):151–65. doi: 10.31078/consrev816.
Santoso, Didik Haryadi, Rila Setyaningsih, and Supadiyanto Supadiyanto. 2024. “Combating The Disinformation: Verifiying The Fact of Political Hoaxes in Election-2024 in Indonesia.” Profetik: Jurnal Komunikasi 17(2):369–84. doi: 10.14421/pjk.v17i2.3003.
Søe, Sille Obelitz. 2021. “A Unified Account of Information, Misinformation, and Disinformation.” Synthese 198(6):5929–49. doi: 10.1007/s11229-019-02444-x.
Solissa, Friskila, and Said Lestaluhu. 2024. “Pendidikan Politik Digital Dan Tradisional: Dinamika Peran Pemuda Dalam Demokrasi Lokal Di Indonesia.” Populis: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik 19(1):16–30. doi: 10.30598/populis.19.1.16-30.
Sui, Mingxiao, Ian Hawkins, and Rui Wang. 2023. “When Falsehood Wins? Varied Effects of Sensational Elements on Users’ Engagement with Real and Fake Posts.” Computers in Human Behavior 142(4):107654. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2023.107654.
Tasane, Rican, and Feky Manuputty. 2024. “Partisipasi Perempuan Dalam Politik: Antara Representasi Dan Kebijakan Di Kota Ambon.” Populis: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik 18(2):185–205. doi: 10.30598/populis.18.2.185-205.
Taxitari, Loukia, Thanos Sitistas, and Eleni Gavriil. 2025. “‘Disinformation Aims to Mislead; Misinformation Thrives in Ignorance’: Insights from Experts and Non- Experts in Greek-Speaking Cyprus.” Social Sciences 14(3):133. doi: 10.3390/socsci14030133.
Vicari, Mattia, and Mauro Gaspari. 2021. “Analysis of News Sentiments Using Natural Language Processing and Deep Learning.” AI & SOCIETY 36(3):931–37. doi: 10.1007/s00146-020-01111-x.
Yuan, Jingling, Nana Wang, Siqi Cai, Mincheng Chen, and Xinping Li. 2023. “AMLFN-AD:Adaptive Multi-Level Integrated Fusion Attack Detection Framework for Intelligent Building Systems.” Computer Networks 227(1):109700. doi: 10.1016/j.comnet.2023.109700.
Unduhan
Diterbitkan
Cara Mengutip
Terbitan
Bagian
Lisensi
Hak Cipta (c) 2025 The Journal of Society and Media
Artikel ini berlisensi Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Abstract views: 99
,
PDF Downloads: 73
