The Defensive Pessimism for University Students
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26740/jp.v11n1.p66-75Keywords:
Pessimism, Defensive, The Defensive PessimismAbstract
The study aimed to investigate and assessing prevalence The Defensive Pessimism for University Students. The sample comprised N=600 university students with a mean of M=74.29 and SD=16.67. The sample included (300) females and (300) males. The stratified random sampling was selected using simple random method. A defensive pessimism scale was constructed of 20 items in its final version after verifying the psychometric its properties as exploratory factor analysis, discriminative power of items, and reliability using Cronbach's alpha = 0.89 The paragraphs of the scale remained unchanged without any paragraphs being deleted. the hypothetical mean against which the sample mean was compared was (60), The results showed, using a one-sample t-test t(600)= 20.998, p = 0.000, that university students have statistically significant defensive pessimism.
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