Performance Evaluation of Solar Photovoltaic System Under Variable Environmental Conditions: A Two-Factor Parametric Simulation
Keywords:
photovoltaics, solar irradiance, cell temperature, parametric modeling, interaction effect, sensitivity analysisAbstract
Solar photovoltaic (PV) output is shaped by irradiance and module operating temperature, yet simplified studies frequently isolate these variables. This study presents a transparent, two-factor parametric simulation of their combined influence on the maximum output of a hypothetical 200-W crystalline-silicon PV module. A 5 × 5 factorial matrix spans irradiance levels of 200–1,000 W/m² and cell temperatures of 25–65 °C. A normalized irradiance–temperature model with a −0.40%/°C temperature coefficient is used, followed by coefficient-sensitivity and interaction diagnostics. Modeled output ranges from 33.6 W to 200.0 W. At 1,000 W/m², increasing temperature by 40 °C reduces power by 32 W (16%); at 200 W/m², the same temperature shift reduces power by 6.4 W. The mixed effect on absolute power is nonzero, even though temperature-induced percentage losses are identical across irradiance levels because of the separable assumed model. Results are model-internal deductions rather than field measurements; no performance validation or location-specific yield is claimed. The study supplies a compact reproducible scenario framework and clarifies its limits for subsequent coupled thermal–electrical analysis.
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