Septic Arthritis of the Knee in a Pediatric Patient: A Complex Case of Delayed Diagnosis and Multidisciplinary Management

Abstract

Septic arthritis, a severe joint infection, often presents as acute joint pain, swelling, erythema, and systemic symptoms. A prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent irreversible joint damage and systemic complications. This report highlights a complex case of septic arthritis of the right knee (septic arthritis genu) in a 4-year-old boy with a history of untreated trauma and inappropriate traditional therapy. The patient initially presented with fever, joint pain, and progressive lower limb weakness. Laboratory findings revealed leukocytosis, elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Imaging studies, including ultrasound and MRI, confirmed joint effusion and abscess formation. Arthrocentesis demonstrated purulent synovial fluid, confirming septic arthritis. Despite systemic infection and respiratory complications requiring intensive care and mechanical ventilation, surgical intervention, including debridement and synovectomy, combined with tailored antibiotic therapy, achieved significant clinical improvement. This case underscores the importance of integrating clinical, laboratory, and imaging data for timely intervention in pediatric septic arthritis. Additionally, public education on the risks of inappropriate traditional practices following trauma is essential to prevent similar cases. Comprehensive multidisciplinary management remains pivotal in optimizing outcomes for septic arthritis.