Jurnal Riset Biologi dan Aplikasinya

Correlation between Thyroid Hormones Levels and Some Sex Hormones in Pregnancy States

Tamara W. Jihad — 2024-03-31

Thyroid diseases in pregnant women pose a significant challenge for physicians, affecting 1.2% of pregnancies. Untreated conditions can lead to obstetric complications and fetal development disorders, including placental abruption, preeclampsia, preterm birth, and fetal death. This research aims to compare levels of thyroid hormones with female sexual hormones such as estrogen and progesterone due to the change in their levels and to establish the relationship between BMI and (T3 and T4) every third during pregnancy. The research included measuring thyroid hormones that include the hormones triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). These hormones are associated with female sexual hormones, including progesterone and estrogen, during the three trimesters (first, second, and third). The findings showed that TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) levels in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy were significantly different from those in the control group, while the results showed that arose significantly for both hormonal T3 and T4 at all three stages of pregnancy as compared to control at a significant level (p≤0.05). According to the results, body mass index (BMI) increased significantly during pregnancy, with the third trimester experiencing the greatest increase compared to the control group. The third trimester of pregnancy experienced the biggest increase in female sex hormones compared to the control group, with levels of estrogen and progesterone peaking during these three trimesters (p≤0.05). During the three pregnancy periods, progesterone and estrogen demonstrated a significant and opposite connection with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) compared to the control group (p≤0.05). The research aims to investigate the impact of pregnancy trimesters on thyroid and sexual hormones and the need for improved diagnosis and treatment, especially in the first three months of each phase.

Relative Frequency (Composition) of Anopheles sp. Mosquitoes as Malaria Vectors in Kulon Progo District Special Region of Yogyakarta

Syubbanul Wathon — 2024-03-31

Malaria is caused by Plasmodium infection transmitted Anopheles sp. One of the obstacles in malaria control is the variation of Anopheles sp. Species which have various characteristics and behaviour, so it’s very important to understand the species of Anopheles sp. with aim to develop the disease control program. This study was conducted in Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta, one of the malaria endemic areas in Indonesia. Data collection of Anopheles sp. species diversity was carried out through landing collection inside and outside people’s homes at 18.00 - 06.00 WIB. Observations of abiotics factors in the habitat of Anopheles sp. larvae was carried out around the landing collection location. The result of research conducted in the Samigaluh, Kalibawang, and Pengasih Sub-Districts showed that the most common species found was Anopeheles vagus. The dominance of Anopheles vagus occurred in the Kalibawang and Pengasih dictricts, while in the Samigaluh Sub-Districts it became the second most among other species. Measurement of abiotic factors in the habitat of Anopheles sp. larvae through the parameters of temperature, air humidity, pH DO of water shows that the location where the larvae were found can support larval breeding and growth. That can be a factor in the large population of Anopheles sp., especially Anopheles vagus, which is a known vector of malarias based on research and its vectorial capacity.

Biodiversity of Costus speciosus Phylloplane Fungi in Baturaden Botanical Gardens and Antagonist Testing against Fusarium oxysporum

Muhammad Hilman Aulia — 2024-03-31

Indonesia has an abundant biodiversity of natural resources, one of which is phylloplane fungi. This abundant phylloplane mold needs further investigation to utilize its potential as an antagonistic agent. This study aims to prove the existence and to determine the types of phylloplane fungi species found on the leaf surface of pacing tawar (sweet ginger or crepe-ginger) plants, to analyze and determine the level of diversity and dominance of phylloplane, and to determine the types of phylloplane fungi species that have the antagonistic ability of the phytopathogenic mold Fusarium oxysporum. This research method includes isolating crepe-ginger phylloplane fungi using a contact plate, isolates purification, macromorphological and micromorphological identification, diversity and dominance index calculation, and antagonist test using a dual culture method. This study used a descriptive analysis research design. The isolation results obtained 57 species of crepe-ginger plants leaf phylloplane molds consisting of eight genera (Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Curvularia, Fusarium, Mucor, Penicillium, and Trichoderma). The results of the diversity index calculation with a value of 2.02 showed that the diversity of phylloplane fungi was moderate. The result of the dominance index calculation, with a value of 0.1521, shows no tendency for phylloplane fungi species to dominate. The results of the antagonist test showed that 15 isolates could antagonize the F. oxysporum with an inhibitory proportion of up to 82% obtained from T. viride isolates with code FD5B3.2

Morphological Characteristics and Taxonomical Positions of Annonaceae in Indonesia

Hamidah Hamidah — 2024-03-31

Annonaceae is one of the most important and economically valuable plant families in Malesia region. Taxonomical studies could contribute to further utilization and conservation of the studied taxa. Due to their importance, an update in the morphological characters and taxanomical position of Annonaceae is required. This study aims to characterize the taxonomical position and relationships of 24 species belongs to the family Annonaceae found in the Purwodadi Botanic Gardens. In this work, we reported the taxonomical position and the phenetic clustering of 24 Annonaceae species collected from the Purwodadi Botanic Garden, East Java, Indonesia. The taxonomical study was performed based on morphological and phenetic approach where 81 characters (leaves, stem, and flower) were used in the analysis. A dendogram was produced following the scoring of the character using statistical program PAST ver. 3.0. (Hierarchial Cluster Analysis using Jukes Cantor Similarity approach). The dendogram showed clear separation between members of sub-family Annonoideae and Malmeoideae; however Alphonsea javanica and Sageraea lanceolata were not grouped into their respective tribe or sub-family. Further studies are required to evaluate these taxonomical separations. Overall, from the 24 studied species, we found that they grouped into 2 sub-family (Annonoideae and Malmeoideae), 3 tribes (Annoneae, Miliuseae, and Uvarieae), and 13 genus (Alphonsea, Annona, Desmos, Fissistigma, Miliusa, Mitrephora, Orophea, Polyalthia, Popowia, Pseuduvaria, Sageraea, Stelechocarpus, dan Uvaria).

Investigating the Taxonomic Value of Leaf Architecture in Ixora and Psychotria (Rubiaceae) Found in the Bogor Botanic Gardens’ Living Collections

Winda Larasati — 2024-03-31

Ixora and Psychotria are two distinct genera within the Rubiaceae family found at the Bogor Botanic Gardens. Despite taxonomic differences at the genus and subfamily levels, these plants share certain characteristics that necessitate identifying similarities. This study aims to identify resemblances between Ixora and Psychotria by examining their leaf architecture and evaluating significant morphological characteristics across recognized variables. The data analysis objective is to identify commonalities in leaf architecture and key distinguishing characteristics. Species under investigation include Ixora javanica (Blume) DC., Ixora paludosa (Blume) Kurz, Ixora coccinea L., Ixora chinensis Lam., Psychotria angulata Korth., and P. viridiflora Reinw. ex Blume. Thirteen characters were used to identify shared traits and influential features. Research findings showed both Ixora and Psychotria exhibit various characteristics. Cluster analysis indicated strong correlation among subjects under investigation, primarily due to shared characteristics. Distinguishing features significantly contributing to differentiation are leaf abaxial surface color and leaf base morphology. It can be concluded that abaxial leaf surface color holds potential as a distinguishing characteristic for Ixora, while leaf base exhibits distinguishing features for Psychotria.