LenteraBio : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi

Density and Distribution Patterns of Bellucia pentamera Naudin in the Rehabilitation Zone of Gunung Palung National Park, Ketapang Regency

Fiqrudina Sain Saputri, Rafdinal Rafdinal, Dwi Gusmalawati — Tue, 26 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Jambu tangkalak is a tree-shaped invasive alien plant belonging to the Melastomataceae family. Jambu tangkalak (Bellucia pentamera) affects forests that are being rehabilitated and must be quickly controlled because it inhibits the growth of other plants. This study aimed to determine the density and distribution pattern of B. pentamera in the Rehabilitation Zone of Gunung Palung National Park. The data were collected from May to June 2023 using a survey method with single plot measuring 100 x 100 m in which there were sub-plots measuring 10 x 10 m. The data were analyzed by using density equations and standardized Morisita Index distribution patterns. The density of B. pentamera seedling stratum was 1485 individuals/ha with a relative density of 42.2%, sapling stratum was 2017 individuals/ha with a relative density of 57.4%, and tree stratum was 14 individuals/ha with a relative density of 0.4%. The standard value of the degree of morisita of B. pentamera nown to be 0,52. Based on this, the distribution pattern of B. pentamera is clustered with the density at the sapling stratum being more dominant than the seedling and tree strata.

Antibacterial Activity Test of the Combination of Psidium guajava Leaves Extract and Citrus aurantifolia Juice on The Growth of Propionibacterium acnes

M. Khoirur Rijal, Mahanani Tri Asri — Mon, 22 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Acne is a skin disease that is experienced by almost everyone. Treatment of acne with excessive antibiotic drugs causes bacterial resistance, so an alternative is needed to find sources of antibacterial drugs from natural ingredients that have potential as antibacterials. This research aims to determine the effect of a combination of guava leaves extract and lime juice on the growth of P. acnes and determine the optimal ratio of guava leaves extract and lime juice in inhibiting the growth of P. acnes. This experimental research method used completely randomized design with treatment of guava leaves extract using maceration method and lime juice combination with ratio of 1:3, 2:2, and 3:1. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Duncan’s test. The results showed that guava leaves extract and lime juice had an effect on the growth of P. acnes. All combination ratios (1:3, 2:2, and 3:1) were optimal to inhibit the growth of P. acnes with diameters of clear zone at 12.0±0.34 mm, 14.5±0.27 mm, and 15.2±0.15 mm. The positive control produced an inhibition zone of 21.1±0.31 mm. Thus, the combination of guava leaves extract and lime juice can be applied for raw material in acne-fighting product.

Potential of Macroalgae as Antifungal, Antibacterial, and Antioxidant Substances in Supporting the Utilization of Marine Resources

Tue, 16 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Macroalgae is known as one of the abundant marine resources in Indonesia that has not been maximized. Based on some previous studies, some macroalgae such as Gracillaria sp., Halimeda sp., Padina sp., Sargassum sp., and Turbinaria sp. have potential as a source of antifungal, antibacterial, and antioxidant substances. The purpose of this study was to test the antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities of macroalgae. This research is expected to be an opportunity to expand the utilization of macroalgae in accordance with the fourteenth goal of the SDGs, especially in the medical field. The antibacterial and antifungal testing method used is the disc diffusion method. While the antioxidant testing method used the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl) method. The research data analysis method is descriptive analysis method. Based on previous research, the results obtained were that the five types of macroalgae used had an inhibition zone diameter above 2 mm. The type of macroalgae that most effectively inhibits S. aureus bacteria is Turbinaria sp., while the type of macroalgae that most effectively inhibits E. coli bacteria is Gracillaria sp.. Based on the antioxidant test, it is known that Gracillaria sp. has an _IC50 value of 20.21 ± 0.78 μg/L. Based on antifungal testing, it was found that Turbinaria sp. with ^20oCstorage temperature treatment had the best antifungal substance from C. albicans with an inhibition zone diameter of 14.30 ± 0.50 mm.

Antibacterial Activity of Avocado Peel Extract and Basil Leaves the Growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis

Susi Susanti, Mahanani Tri Asri — Tue, 26 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a bacterium commonly found that can turn into a pathogen. Giving antibiotics can increase bacterial resistance and cause toxicity. Avocado peels and basil leaves have bioactive compounds that are antibacterial. The study aimed to test the antibacterial activity of a combination of avocado peel and basil leaf extracts, as well as a single extract of each. The study was using the well method with various combinations of avocado peel extract: basil leaf extract (1:3, 2:2, 3:1), avocado peel extract, basil extract, positive control, and negative control. The results of the one way ANOVA test followed by Duncan's test showed that each treatment was able to inhibit the growth of S. epidermidis. The results showed that there was antibacterial activity against S. epidermidis in the combination of avocado peel extract: basil leaf extract (1:3, 2:2, 3:1), avocado peel extract, basil leaf extract, negative control, and positive control average respectively 15.98 mm, 17.97 mm, 16.65 mm, 19.75 mm, 9.22 mm, 0 mm, and 23.18 mm. The most optimal extract for inhibiting the growth of S. epidermidis is the single extract of avocado skin. The research results can be used as a reference for drug development in the pharmaceutical industry.

Phenotypic and Genomic Identification of Glyphosate-Herbicide Degrading Bacterial Isolate From the Rhizosphere of Chilli Pepper

Khilma Ziyadatur Rizka Maulida, Lisa Lisdiana — Mon, 01 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Bacteria are one of the bioremediation agents to treat pollution in agricultural land. Bacteria can degrade contaminant compounds. Bacterial isolate CF6 is a rhizosphere bacterial isolate from chili pepper agricultural soil which has the potential to degrade glyphosate herbicide. However, it needs to be identified to be applied as a bioremediation agent and its effects on the ecosystem understood. This research aims to identify phenotypically and genomically isolates of rhizosphere bacteria that have the potential to degrade glyphosate herbicides so that they can be applied further. Phenotypic identification methods consisted of motility tests, gram staining, catalase, citrate, urease, endospores, Voges-Proskauer, indole production, methyl red, growth in 5% NaCl, and sugar reduction tests. The genomic identification method was divided into four stages, namely DNA isolation, 16S rRNA gene amplification, electrophoresis, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Data from phenotypic and genomic tests were analyzed numerically using NTSys 2.11a and MEGA11, respectively. The dendrogram results in this study showed that the CF6 bacterial isolate belonged to the same clade as bacteria of the genus Klebsiella. Meanwhile, the results of BLASTn analysis showed that the CF6 test isolate had a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Klebsiella quasipneumoniae of 98.62%. From the results of the two identification methods, it can be concluded that the CF6 bacterial isolate is K. quasipneumoniae. Aspects of pathogenicity and bacterial degradation rate need to be tested before implementation.